







mm. 






Book .iiSio. 



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Srifi 



CELEBEATION 



OF THE 




Jpi4^^t.^^^^i^t J|ii{ij5eua)t| 



OF THE 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 



1683-1883. 



^^ed 






J\,2!*^^g' 




Trenton, N. J. 
NAAR, DAY & NAAR, 

PlUNTIOUS TO THE HoUSE 01-' AsSEMIUA 



CELEBEATION 



OF THE 



M 



etieiiiid ^iiti^^rsitri 



OF THE 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 



1683-1883. 




TRENTf)N, N. J. 

NAAR, DAY & NAAR, 
Pkinters to the Housk 01' Assembly. 

1883. 






. / 
Ob 



Bi-Centennial Celebration 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 



The one hundred and seventh legislature of the State of New 
Jersey, opened on the 9th day of January, 1883. On Tuesday 
January 16th, the following resolution was offered by Hon. Geo. 
T. Cranmer, of Ocean Co., and adopted. 

Whereas, in the year 1682, East New Jersey was purchased 
by proprietors from whom is derived all titles to land in this 
section of the State ; and whereas, the first regular session of a 
Legislature consisting of two branches after and under that pur- 
chase commenced March 1, 1683; therefore 

Be it resolved, Senate concurring that a joint committee, con- 
sisting of three members of the Senate and three members of the 
House of Assembly, be appointed to consider the propriety of 
commemorating the Bi-Centennial of this event by suitable his- 
torical addresses relating to the past history of the New Jersey 
Legislature, and by such other proceedings as they may deem 
appropriate. 

In pursuance of the resolution Speaker O'Connor appointed 
the following committee: 

James H. Neighbour, of Morris Co. 
William Hill, of Essex Co. 
George T. Cranmer, of Ocean Co. 

The Senate also appointed a committee consisting of— ^ 
Isaac T. Nichols, of Cumberland Co. 
Abraham V. Schenck, of Middlesex Co. 
John Carpenter, Jr., of Hunterdon Co. 



4 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

On the 19th of February, 1883, a report was made to the House 
from the committee appointed upon the celebration of the anni- 
versary of the Bi-Ceniennial Le^^islature of New Jersey, that, in 
the opinion of the committee, the event was of sufficient interest 
and historic importance to warrant the celebration, and recom- 
mending the continuing of the committee, with power to carry 
out their arrangements for the celebration. 

Which recommendation was adopted. 

The Committee invited Hons. Edwin Salter, of Ocean county, 
a member of the Legislatures of 1857, 1858, 1859 (Speaker) and 
1863, and Hon. Charles D. Deshler, of New Brunswick, to pre- 
pare and deliver addresses on the occasion. Both gentlemen 
accepted the invitation. 

The press throughout the State was requested to circulate the 
following notice — 

The present Legislature, by a joint committee, duly appointed 
for that purpose, has decided to commemorate a Bi-centennial 
at the State House, in the City of Trenton, on the 1st. of March 
next, and all ex-members and ex-State officials are requested to 
send their address to J. H. Neighbour, Esq., either at Dover or 
Trenton, N. J. 

In response to the foregoing notice, the committee sent out 
over nine hundred of the following invitations — 

1683. 1883. 

Coat-of-Arms] BI-CENTENNIAL [Coat-of-Arms. 

New Jersey Legislature. 

Trenton, N. J. Feb. 1,1883. 
Whereas, the first regular session of a Legislature in East New 
Jersey, under the Proprietors, commenced at Elizabeth, on the 
first day of March, A. D., 1683 : 

And whereas, the present Legislature, by concurrent resolu- 
tion, has appointed a joint committee of the Senate and of the 
House of Assembly, to take proceedings for commemorating its 
Bi-Centennial, by suitable historical addresses and other appro- 
])riate exercises ; 

And whereas, it has been decided to hold a Bi-Ceutennial at 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 5 

the State House, in Trenton, at the hour of two o'clock in the 
afternoon of Thursday, March 1, 1883, the committee take 
pleasure in extending a special invitation to all ex-members 
of the State Legislature, and to all former and present State 
officials. 

You are therefore requested to be present and take part in 
the proposed commemoraiion. 

Senate Committee, House Committee, 

Isaac T. Nichols, James H. Neighbour, 

Of Cumberland, Of Morris, 

Abraham V. Schenck, William Hill, 

Of Middlesex, Of Essex, 

John Carpenter, Jr., George T. Cranmer, 

Of Hunterdon, Of Ocean. 

On the morning of March first, by request of the Committee, 
the Trenton papers gave the order of exercises, as follows — 

Legislative Bi-Centennial. 

The Programme of This Afternoon's Exercises. 

This afternoon the exercises commemorative of the two hun- 
dredth anniversary of the New Jersey Legislature will be held, 
at Taylor Opera House. Admission will be by ticket, which 
can be procured of the committee. Doors will be open at half 
past one o'clock, and ushers will be in attendance to escort ticket 
holders, ex-members and invited guests to seats in the dress 
circle and parquette. The Senators and members of the As- 
sembly will occup}'^ seats on the stage. 

The exercises, which will commence at two o'clock, will con- 
sist of the following 

programme. 

Prayer by Rev. Dr. Hall, of Trenton, music by Winkler's 
«• Seventh Regiment (N G. N. J.) Band ; address by Hon. Edwin 
Salter, of Ocean county ; music by the German American Sing- 
ing Society, of Newark; address by Hon. Charles D. Deshler, of 
New Brunswick ; music by the German American Singing So- 



6 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

ciety, of Newark ; music by Winkler's Seventh (N. G. N. J.) 
Band. 

The German American Singing Society, of Newark, will have 
forty-eight voices, under the direction of August Shi3effenberger. 
It will sing the "Centennial Hymn," composed R. J. White. Tlie 
hymn is printed on a neat card, which will be presented as a 
souvenir to members and officers, etc., by the Society. 

This evening Governor Ludlow will hold a reception at the 
State House from 8 to II o'clock, at which music will be fur- 
nished by Prof. Petermann's orchestra. 

[Slip from True American.] 

New Jersey's Legislative Bi-Centennial. 

A re-union of the state's legislators. 

The Merribers of the Present and Survivors of Past Legislators 
Unite to Celebrate the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the 
Event; Interesting Exercises at Tailor Opera House; Recep- 
tion by Governor Ludlow at the State Capitol. 

Taylor Opera House, Thursday afternoon, presented an ani- 
mated appearance, and was filled with a most attentive audience, 
which was composed of citizens from every part of the State. 
Under direction of Quartermaster-General Perrine, the front of 
the gjiller}' was decorated by festoons of flags, with a shield bear- 
ing the Stars and Stripes over each gas bracket. National and 
State flags hung from the proscenium boxes. On the stage were 
seated the members of both branches of the Legislature and 
State officers. The proscenium box on the bft contained Gover- 
nor Ludlow, ex-Governors Parker and Ward, and State Treas- 
urer Wright; in the one on tlie right were ex-Governor Price, 
Chancellor Runyon, and other gentlemen. The ex-senators, 
assemblymen, and State offlcers were seated in the parquet, and 
almost every seat was occupied, so that nearly four hundred of 
the former legislators of the State responded to the invitation to 
be present. Winkler's Seventh Regiment (N. G. N. J.) Band 
occupied the centre of the gallery, the remainder of which, and 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 7 

t le dress circle down stairs, was provided for citizens who were 
fortunate enough to hold tickets of admission. 

The members of the Legislature met at the State Capitol at 
half-past one o'clock, and marched in a body, headed by Presi- 
dent of the Senate Gardner, and Speaker of the Assembly O'Con- 
ner, through State and Greene streets, to the Opera House. 

Shortl}'^ after two o'clock the Legislature arrived and took 
seats upon the stage. 

Hon, James H. Neighbour, the chairman of the committee 
which had charge of the arrangements of the celebration, came 
forward, and stated that in the absence of the President of the 
Senate, who was unable to be present, the Speaker of the House 
of Assembly would preside. 

Speaker O'Connor then took the chair and called the assem- 
blage to order. 

Rev. S. M. Studdiford, pastor of the Third Presbyterian 
Church, offered prayer. 

Speaker O'Connor said that he had been requested by the 
members of the press, to ask the ex-members who were present, 
to write their names and the years of service on cards, which 
would be collected by the pages during the music. This was 
done, and the following are the names of those 

WHO WERE PRESENT. 

David Neighbour, 1838; Nathan T. Stratton, 1843; William 
Paterson, 1843; M. F. Carman, 1848; John T. Nixon, 1848, 
(Speaker 1849); Henry H. Voorhis, 1848, 1849; Samuel H. 
Hunt, 1848, 1849, 1850 ; David Van Fleet, 1848, 1849 ; James 
Bishop, 1849, 1850; Thomas Hay, 1850, 1851; John F. Hage- 
man, 1850, 1851 ; Smith Bilanback, 1851 ; Benjamin C. Taber, 
1851, 1852; Josephus Shann, 1852, 1853, 1875; Andrew Man 
Sickle, 1852, 1853; Charles Allen, 1852, 1867; Elijah L. Hen- 
drickson, 1853; Jesse H. Diverty. 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858 ; 
John M. Board, 1855, 1880; John P. Rittenhouse, 1856, 1857; 
J. M. Voorhees, 1856, 1857; Moses P. Smith, 1857; John H. 
Horn, 1858, 1859; Jeptha Abbott, 1858, 1859, 1860; Robert 
Aitken, 1859; David Mulford, 1860, 1861; George A. Halsey, 

1861, 1862; William P. Tatem, 1861, 1862, 1863 ; E. P. Emson, 

1862, 1870, Senator 1878, 1879, 1880; Edward W. Scudder, 1863, 



8 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

1864, 1865, (President of Senate 1865) ; Silas Young, 1863, 1864 ; 
Joseph L. Reeves, 1863, 1864, 1865 ; Samuel Tatem, 1864 ; Abrani 
0. Coriell, 1865, 1866; J. M. Scovel, 1866; Richard H. 
Wilson, 1866, 1867; Noah D. Taylor, 1866, 1867, 1868; William 
W. Clark, 1866, 1870; Elias Doughty, 1867 ; Peter A. Voorhees, 
1867; Baltes Piekel, 1867, 186S; John J. Bergen, 1868, 1869, 
1870; Thomas C. Pearce, 1868; John Dwyer, 1868, 1870; Theo- 
dore Probasco, 1868, 1869, 1870; William W. Hawkins, 1869, 
1870; John Kugler, 1870, 1871 ; Ferdinand Blancke, 1870, 1871, 
1876; J. G. Hill, 1870, 1871, 1872; Samuel Hopkins, 1870 to 
1876; Levi French, 1870, 1875; John C. Belden, 1871, 1872, 
1873; John Dickinson, 1871; Charles C. Groscup, 1871, 1872; 
William A. Ripley, 1871; Henry J. Trick, 1871 to 1873; Smith 
Hewitt, 1872; Samuel Wilde, 1872, 1873; Cornelius Lydecker, 
1872 to 1875; W. H. Iszard, 1873, 1874; Samuel T. Smith, 1874 
to 1876; Joseph H. Voorhees, 1875, 1876, 1877; James Bird, 
1875. 1876; Robert S. Hutchinson, 1876; Alex. Jacobus, 1876 
1878; L. H. Atchley, 1876, 1877; D.niel L. Piatt. 1876; E. 
H. Drake, 1876; William Carpenter, 1876; P. Con very, 1877, 
1878; Lawrence Lock, 1877, 1878; William Budd Deacon, 
1878 to 1882; Andrew J. Rider, 1878; Peter Cramer, 1878 to 
1881; E. H. Crane, 1878, 1879; J. C. Jackson, 1879, 1880; 
Richard A. Donnelly, 1879, 1880; J. H. Bruere, 1879, 1880; 
John T. Dunn, 1879, 1880, 1881, Speaker, 1882; George Craft, 

1880. 1881; Henry C. Herr, 1880, 1881, 1882; E. Bosenbury, 
1880 to 1882; Thomas Lawrence, 1880 to 1882; Oscar Lindsley. 

1881, 1882; Wm. C. Johnson, 1881, 1882; John F. Babcock 
(Secretary of Senate), 1871 to 1874; John D. Rue, Rev. Dr. Ham- 
mill, C. A. Felsh, Cornelius Beach, John L. Oakey, Robert Moore, 
Thos. S. R. Brown, Andrew Smith Reeves, Henry Britton, S. R. 
Husleton, D. B. Wyckoff, Joseph C. Magee, John Ringleman, 
D. H. Banghart, Ezra Budd Marter, W. H. Bell, Wm. Henry 
Hendrickson, Edmund L. Joy, James L. Hays, Andrew Jackson 
Smith, Levi D. Jarrard, Robert G. Miller, Emmor Reeves, David 
A. Bell. Beiijainin Griggs, D. P. Van Dorn, S. B. Oviatt (ex- 
Speaker), Jacob Hi[)p, J. N. Ramsay, John P. Rittenhouse, Char- 
les Ladow, Isaiah W. Richman, W. R. Lippincott, George D. 
Horner, Stejjheu Martin. 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 9 

[Slip from the Daily State Gazette.] 

The Bi-Centennial. 
paying tribute to the memories of legislators long since 

DEAD. 

Taylor Opera House Filled with Distinguished Jerseymen—The Cele- 
bration a Grand Success. 

Even the committee of Senators and Assemblymen that 
worked so energetically to make the Legislative Bi-Centennial 
celebration a success, did not anticipate for their labors as bril- 
liant a result as was actually achieved. Never in its history, 
perhaps has Taylor Opera House held a more distinguished 
gathering of men than was seated within its walls Thursday 
afternoon. Besides these, fully fifteen hundred other persons were 
present, and every seat in the house seemed occupied. Flags 
and bunting about the private boxes and balcony intensified 
the feeling of patriotism that pervaded the entire affiiir. In one 
of the boxes were seated Governor Ludlow, ex-Governors Mar- 
cus L. Ward and .Joel Parker, and State Treasurer Wright, and 
in another ex-Governor Rodman M. Price, Chancellor Runyon, 
ex-Senator Laird and Charles Wills. Scattered throughout the 
auditorium, in addition to scores of gentlemen of local promi- 
nence in various parts of the State, were ex-Congressman 
George A. Halsey, Major George N. Halstead, Professor George 
H. Cook, ex-Speakers Oviatt and Dunn, ex-Senators Samuel 
Smith, of Sussex ; Lydecker, of Bergen ; Bosenbury, of Hunter- 
don, and Irick, Reeves, Cramer, Abbett, Hopkins, Noah Taylor, 
Lawrence, Banghart, Thompson and Horner; Adjutant General 
Stryker, Clerk in Chancery Duryee, Comptroller Anderson, ex- 
Congressman Wildrick, William A. Whitehead, Judges Scu-lder, 
Paterson, Kirk, Nixon ; General Grubb, United States Marshal 
Deacon, John F. Babcock, Rev. J. Y. Dobbins, President Mar- 
gerum of the Common Council, Col. James M. Scovel, Dr. Bodine, 
ex-Assemblymen Ringleman, Crane, Jacobus and Dominie Rob- 
inson ; A. f. Smith and ex-Congressman Stratton. The members 
of the present Legislature were seated on the stage. 



10 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

MEMBERS OF THE FIRST GENERAL ASSEMBLY OP EAST NEW JERSEY, 
UXDER THE GOVERNMENT OF THE TWENTY-FOUR PROPRIETORS, 
MARCH ], 1683. 

The division of East New Jersey into counties was not made 
until March 13th, 1683, when an act was passed creating the 
counties of Bergen, Essex, Middlesex and Monmouth. The 
House of Deputies at this session was composed of two members 
from each of the towns as named below, who met at Elizabeth- 
town, and subscribed the oath of allegiance, March 1, 1683, as 
stated in the minutes of the Council, pages 29-30, which " oatli 
of subscription" was returned to the Council the 22d of the 
same month. 

Council. 

Thomas Rudyard, Deputy Governor and Proprietor. 

William Penn, "I t^ . . 

Samuel Groome. r^^P"^^^^«- 

Colonel Lewis Morris. 

Captain John Berry. 

Captain John Palmer. 

Captain William Sandford. 

Lawrence Andriessen. 

Benjamin Price. 

Messenger of Council, George Jewell. 

Deputies. 

Captain John Bowne, Speaker, Middletown. 

Richard Hartshorne, Middletown. 

Joseph Parker, Shrewsbury. 

John Hance, Shrewsbury. 

John Curtis, Newark. 

Thomas Johnson, Newark. • 

Henry Lyon, Elizabethtown. 

Benjamin Parkhurst, Elizabethtown. 

Samuel Moore, Woodbridge. 

Samuel Dennis, Woodbridge. 

John Gillman, Piscataqua. 

Edward Slater, Piscatacpia. 

Elias Michiolson, Bergen. 

Mathews Cornells, Bergen. 

Clerk of Deputies, Isaac Whitehead. 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 11 

HON. MR. Salter's address. 

Mr. Neighbour stated that Mr. Salter's health was such that 
he was unable to be present, and that the address which he had 
prepared would be read by Senator Isaac T. Nichols, of Cum- 
berland. 

Address By Hon. Edwin Salter, of Ocean County. 

THE FIRST settlers OF NEW JERSEY THE PIONEERS OF TRUE 

toleration. 

In the General Assembly which met at Elizabethtown two 
hundred years ago, the most noted historical person named as 
being present during the first week of the session, was William 
Penn, who had arrived in America the October previous. 

The most prominent claims for the respect and esteem of the 
American people put fortli in behalf of William Penn, are be- 
cause of his dealing justly with the Indians and for establish- 
ing religious toleration. No Jerseyman would wish to lessen 
the honor awarded him for his course in these matters, but he 
certainly was not the foremost in either of them. When Wil- 
liam Penn sat ii: that Council at Elizabethtown two centuries 
ago, the other branch of the Provincial Legislature was presided 
over by Captain John Bowne, who had, with eleven associates, 
in East Jersey set the example in both of these matters, seven- 
teen years before Penn came to America. 

About the year 16G5, William Penn, then a young lawyer and 
a man of the world, went to Ireland on business relating to an 
estate of his father's. Wliile there, as a soldier, he took part in 
the siege of Carrickfergus and was so well pleased with himself and 
with his military exploits, that lie caused himself to be painted 
in military costume. This is said to be the only genuine por- 
trait of the great "Apostle of Peace." That same year, while 
he was in arms in Ireland, Captain John Bowne and his asso- 
ciates had obtained the noted Monmouth Patent, dated April 
8th, 1665, for lands in East Jersey, and before attempting to 
settle upon it they honorably and honestly bought every foot of 
the land of the Indians, the records of which purchase are still 
preserved in the Court House at Freehold. And it may be 
added, in the course of time, as needed, every foot of land in 
New Jersey was honorably bought of the Indians and paid for 
to their full satisfaction. 

In regard to religious toleration. Captain John Bowne and his 
associates declared in their patent that all settlers should have 



12 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

" Free liberty of conscience, without any molestation or 
disturbance whatsoever in the way of their worship." 

Two months before tliib patent was trpanted, Berkley and 
Carteret had issued their " Concessions and Agreements " with 
all who might settle in any part of New Jersey, in which the 
same principle was declared only more at length, for the whole 
state. They declared " That no person qualified as aforesaid 
(owning allegiance to the King) within the said province, shall 
be anyways molested, punished, disquieted or called in question 
for any difference ol oi)inion or practice in matters of religious 
concernments, who do not actually disturb the civil peace of 
said province ; but that all and every such person and persons 
may from time to time and at all times, freely and fully have 
and enjoy his and their judgments and consciences in matters of 
religion throughout the said province, they beiiaving themselves 
peaceably and quietly, and not using this liberty to licentious- 
ness nor to the civil injury or outward disturbance of others ; 
any law, statute or clause contained or to be contained, usage or 
custom, of this realm of England to the contrary notwithstand- 
ing." {Leamivg ct Spicer, p. 14-) 

In the agreement between Carteret and others of Elizabeth- 
town, for settling two townships, made December, 1666, and in 
the Woodbridge charter of June, 1669, liberty of conscience ac- 
cording to the forgoing concessions, was guaranteed to all who 
should settle in Piscataqua and Woodbridge. 

The foregoing unequivocal declarations in favor of unre- 
stricted religious toleration were substantially adopted by Con- 
gress over a century later, and it is only necessary to recall the 
so-called toleration acts of the other States which claim pre- 
eminence in this matter and compare them with these declara- 
tions, to show that the first settlers of New Jersey were foremost 
in establishing that " Free liberty of conscience without any 
molestation whatever," which is now guaranteed tl)roughout the 
great American Republic. 

In Rhode Lshind, while Roger Williams favored " a free, full 
and absolute liberty of conscience," and the charter of Charles 
II. affirmed the same princi{)le, yet that colony enacted that 
" All men professing Christianity and of competent estates, and 
of civil conversation, who acknowledge and are obedient to tlie 
civil magistrate, though of different judgments in religious 
affairs (Roman Catholics only excepted), shall be admitted free- 
men and shall have liberty to choose and be chosen officers in 
the colony both civil and military." 

It is true that modern Rhode Island writers have expressed the 
opinion that the wonls "Catholics only excepted " were not in the 
original enactment but had been subsequently interpolated and 
they give plausible, if not entirely satisfactory reasons. But leaving 
that point in abeyance, the fact yet remains that non-professors of 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 13 

Christianity, among whom would be Jews, were excepted. Per- 
sons not having competent estates were also excepted, and the 
continuance of this exception down until quite modern times 
resulted in a noted so-called " rebellion," well remembered by 
many now living. On the other hand, in New Jersey, the Mon- 
mouth Patent left the selection of officials to "the major part of 
the inhabitants." In regard to Quakers in Rhode Island, the 
toleration extended to them was not so unrestricted as in New 
Jersey, for the General Assembly of that colony endeavored to 
compel them to bear arms, which was contrary to the dictates 
of their conscience in an important point in their religious faith. 
The General Assembly of Rhode Island declared that — 

" In case they, the said Quakers, which are here or who shall 
arise or come among us, do refuse to subject themselves to all 
duties aforesaid, as training, watching and such other engage- 
ments as other members of civil societies, for the preservation of 
the same in justice and peace; then we determine, yea, and we 
resolve to take and make use of the first opportunity to inform 
our agent resident in England that he may humbly present the 
matter," etc. They wished, they said, no damage to the princi- 
ple of freedom of conscience, but at the same time, their demand 
of the Quakers that they should train, in other words, perform 
military duty, was certainly an effort to compel them to act con- 
trary to the dictates of their conscience in an essential part of 
their religious belief. This effort to compel them " to train," 
may account for the fact that many members of that sect who 
liad been persecuted in Massachusetts and had sought refuge in 
Rhode Island, did not become freemen there but only made a 
temporary stay, and when the Monmouth Patent was granted, 
they came to that county with the original settlers. Here, from 
the outstart they were allowed all the privileges enjoyed by 
other settlers, some of their number being elected as deputies 
to frame laws, and to other offices, at the first election as well 
as at subsequent elections. They were not required "to train," 
against their conscientious convictions. Besides which it may 
be added, that our first settlers conducted themselves so justly 
and friendly towards the Indians, that they had little or no oc- 
casion to train for fear of them. 

Maryland is another state, the founders of which have de- 
servedly received commendation for the advanced steps taken by 
them in the matter of toleration. But their declarations on this 
point were not so unequivocal and unrestricted as those by first 
settlers of New Jersey. The charter to Lord Baltimore in 1632, 
was written in Latin and this fact caused many to look upon it 
with distrust. All that it contained in relation to toleration was 
a proviso of which the commonly accepted translation is — 

" No construction be made thereof whereby God's holy and 



14 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

truly Christian religion should receive any prejudice or dimi- 
nution." 

Some Protestant writt^rs considered this equivocal, as Cecil 
Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, like his father before him, 
was intensely devoted to the interests of his faith and considered 
his, the only truly Christian religion. 

Some Catholic writers have contended, that the commonly ac- 
cej)ted translation of the words of the ciiarter on this point, was 
not literally correct. Brantz Mayer in his "Calvert and Penn," 
thougl)t it should read "God's holy rights and the true Christian 
religion." S. F. Streeterin his "Maryland, two hundred years ago," 
says it should be "The holy service of God and the true Chris- 
tian religion." George Lynn-Lachlan Davis in his " Day Star 
of American Freedom," gives the translation "The most sacred 
things of God and the true Christian religion." These different 
translations, it will be seen, do not materially vary in meaning, 
and all leave the question of deciding what was prejudicial to 
the true Christian religion, to the dominant power in the State. 
In New England, the Puritans considered the preachings and 
teachings of Baptists, Antinomians, and Quakers as prejudicial 
to what they believed to be the true Christian religion and so 
persecuted or prosecuted all who ditfered with them. In Mary- 
land, it is gratifying to know that the friends of the early settlers 
contend that there was no persecution for difference in religious 
views; and they earnestly protest against the insinuations that 
Calvert and his friends were actuated by considerations of a 
selfish sort, such as the fear of offending the Protestant King of 
England, at one time and the adherents of tiie commonwealth 
subsequently, as the real secret of their policy. In 1630, Mary- 
land passed an act declaring that " The Holy Church within 
this province shall have all her rights and privileges." And in 
1640 another act declaring that " Tiie Holy Church within this 
province shall have and enjoy all her rights, liberties and fran- 
chises wholly and without blemish." The Governor, or Lieutenant 
as he was called, and all the members of the colonial council were 
bound by oath "To defend and maintain the Roman Catholic 
religion, in the full and free exercise thereof." Freedom in its 
fullest sense, was secured only to believers in Christianty. This 
excluded Jews and non-professors of Christianity generally ; and 
under a law of the province a Quaker was required to take off 
his hat in Court or go to the whipj>ing post. Some Catholic 
writers say, however, that they do not know of any " })ractical 
case of whipi)ing " for this ollence, {Day btar p. 6'^-4.) 

In defending the Maryland laws in regard to the protection 
of "The true Christian religion," Mr. Davis, in his Day iStar of 
Freedom says : 

"Toleration in its widest .sense or in the most strictly logical 
acceptation, exists only in a State founded upon naked atheism." 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 15 

To this assertion, the citizens of New Jersey can well take 
exception. 

The first settlers of this State granted unrestricted toleration, 
and no one acquainted with their history will assert that they 
favored atheism, or that the result of their toleration has tended 
to the spread of atheism, more than in other States where tolera- 
tion was not as unrestricted as in New Jersey. 

In Pennsylvania the act relating to toleration was enacted 
December 1682, over seventeen years after the principle liad 
been established in East Jersey, and then it was not so unre- 
stricted. It declared that — 

" No person now or at anytime hereafter living in this prov- 
ince, who shall confess and acknowledge Almighty God to be 
the Creator, upholder and ruler of the world, and that professeth 
him or herself obliged in consciense to live peaceably and justly 
under the civil government, shall in anywise be molested or 
prejudiced for his or her conscientious persuasion or practice." 

And in regard to persons holding office, it was enacted — 

" That all officers and persons commissionated and employed 
in the service of the government of this province, and all mem- 
bers and deputies elected to serve in the assembly thereof, and 
all that have a right to elect such deputies, shall be such as pro- 
fess and declare they believe in Jesus Christ to be the Son of 
God and Savior of the world." {Hazard's Annals, pages 620-1) 

This was establishing a government under which only what 
have been termed " orthodox christians " could hold office or 
vote for law-makers. 

The Quakers in West Jersey were more liberal than their 
brethren in Pennsylvania, for their earliest declaration on this 
subject, dated November, 1681, was — 

"That liberty of conscience in matters of faith and worship 
towards God, shall be granted to all people within the province 
aforesaid, who shall live peaceably and quietly therein; and 
that none of the free people of said province shall be rendered 
uncapable of office in respect of their faith and worship." {Learn- 
ing and Spicer, page 4^5.) 

It is worthy of note that the declaration of principle in regard 
to toleration as contained in Berkley and Carteret's Concessions, 
and in the Monmouth Patent in 1665, and as guaranteed in 
West Jersey in 1681, was substantially adopted by our National 
Congress over a hundred years later in one of the earliest acts 
passed by that body. In the celebrated " Ordinance for the gov- 
ernment of the territory of the United States northwest of the 
river Ohio," enacted 1787, it was ordained and declared that — 

"No person demeaning himself in a i)eaceable and orderly 
manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of wor- 
ship or religious sentiments in said territory." 

Thus the unequivocal principle of toleration first adopted by 



16 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

the early settlers of New Jersey, was eventually adopted by " the 
United States in Congress assembled," and today is a funda- 
mental principle upon which is based the government of this 
great nation. 

Believers in the Roman Catholic faith were rarely found 
among our early settlers, and we naturally feel an interest in 
endeavoring to ascertain what course would be pursued with 
them b}' a people so tolerant towards other sects as were the 
first settlers of our State, especially as Catholics at that time were 
charged with "mixing religion and politics" (to use a modern 
phrase,) by desiring to overturn the Protestant supremacy in 
England. 

It is gratifying to find that among our first settlers there was 
a disposition to treat Catholics with the same toleration shown 
to other sects. One of the first members of that faith to locate 
in New Jersey was William Douglass. He was elected from 
Bergen as a member of the Assembly, which met June 2d, 1080. 
He refused, at first, to take the usual oath of allegiance, stating 
that he was a Reman Catholic; but being informed that it was 
not the oath of supremacy, he offered to take it, and was admit- 
ted. It is true that a week or so subsequent to his admission, 
the following action was taken — 

" The deputies finding occasion to purge themselves of such a 
member as cannot be allowed by law. namely, William Doug- 
lass, the aforesaid member upon examination, owning himself 
to be a Roman Catholic, we have proceeded so to do and further 
desire your honor to issue out your warrant to the town of Ber- 
gen for a new choice for one to supply his place." 

It would seem to be the case that after the deputies had ad- 
mitted Mr. Douglas-, their tittention had been called to the laws 
of England in regard to oaths required of persons taking office, 
the nature and forms of which may be seen by reference to the 
printed " Minutes of the Governcr and Council, 1682-1703," 
pages 243-5, which oaths Mr. Douglass would not take, as to do 
so would be an actual renunciation and denunciation of the 
Catholic faith. Though Mr. Douglass was debarred by English 
laws from sitting as a member because of his faith, yet the 
significant facts remain that a constituency of first settlers of 
New Jersey elected a Roman Catholic, knowing him to be such, 
to the Legislature, and that the members of the Assembly, 
knowing him to be a Catholic, admitted him without hesitation. 
(N. J. Archives, vol. 1, pages 305-ol^.) 

If Rhode Island presents Roger Williams, and Maryland pre- 
sents Cecil Calvert, to be honored by the American peoj)le 
because of their course in regard to toleration ; if Pennsyl- 
vania holds up its founders for respect because they dealt justly 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 17 

with the Indians and grantee] partial toleration, surely Jersey- 
men may be permitted to honor the first settlers of their own 
State, who without any parade or boasting, set an example for 
Penn years before he came to America, and established tolera- 
tion more unequivocal and unrestricted than in either of the 
States named. 

The declarations in East and West Jersey in regard to free 
liberty of conscience, are especially noteworthy, because they 
came from men who had witnessed the evils of intolerance in 
other places, and very many of them had themselves been vic- 
tims of persecution for conscience safe. Hence they determined 
to establish and did establish, local governments where no per- 
son could be molested on account of his religious belief. 

New Jersey appears to have been pre-eminently a refuge from 
persecution. Among early settlers who had been persecuted in 
other places were Baptists, Antinomians, Quakers from New 
England, Scotland and England, and Scotch Presb3'terians. 

New Englanders never weary of telling us of the sufferings of 
the Pilgrim Fathers, and every forefathers' day, delight to meet 
and honor their memory. Rhode Islanders have made the per- 
secutions and banishments of Roger Williams and his friends 
familiar to every reader of our country's history. Pennsylva- 
nians are mindful that the persecutions of William Penn and 
his fellow Quakers shall not be forgotten. But how seldom are 
mentioned the persecutions which had been endured by first 
settlers of East and West Jersey ! 

NEW JERSEY A REFUGE FROM PERSECUTION. 

Among the members of the West Jersey Assembly which met 
at Burlington two hundred years ago, were several who had 
been the victims of intolerance in England. Thomas Olive, 
the speaker of that assembly, and John Woolston, had been im- 
prisoned in Northampton gaol. Dr. Daniel Wills had been 
three times in prison for holding quaker meetings at his house. 
Richard Guy and Richard Hancock had been imprisoned in 
York Castle. William Peachy had been tried at Bristol and 
sentenced to banishment for attending " meetings." John Cripps 
had been sentenced to twelve days imprisonment for not taking 
off his hat when the Lord Mayor passed into Guildhall. The 
foregoing were members of the West Jersey Assembly, 1682-3; 
and very many others of the first settlers there had been simi- 
larly persecuted. The memory of these men was duly honored 
at the two hundredth anniversary of the settlement of Burling- 
ton, December 6th, 1877, and eloquent tributes paid to them in 
the oration of the lamented Henry Armitt Brown. 

Among the first settlers of East Jersey, were many who had 
also been the victims of intolerance elsewhere, and brief notices 
2 



18 BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

of some of the most prominent among them, will serve to show 
why it was that they established here a government where dif- 
ference in religious sentiments should not be considered a crime, 
and where all peaceable and orderly citizens should be guaranteed 
free liberty of conscience. 

Rev, Obadiah Holmes, one of the twelve Monmouth patentees, 
in 1639 lived at Salem, Massachusetts, where he was engaged 
with Lawrence Southwick and Annanias Conklin, (descendants 
of both of whom also came to New Jersey,) in the manufacture 
of glass, probably about the first, if not the first, in that business 
in this country. Mr. Holmes joined the Baptists, for which he 
was indicted in 1650. The following is a copy of the record of 
the Court of proceedings before Governor Bradford. The name 
of the noted Captain Miles Standish here appears with others: — 

" At a general court holden at New Plymouth, the second of 
October, 1650, before William Bradford, gentleman, Governor; 
Thomas Prince, William Collyare, Captain Miles Standish, Tim- 
othy Hetherly, William Thomas, John Allen, gentlemen, assist- 
ants, (and a house of deputies). 

Presentment by the Grand Inquest. 

October second, 1650. 
Wee whose names are here underwritten, being the Grand 
Inquest, doe present to the court, John Hazell, Mr. Edward 
Smith and his wife, Obadiah Holmes, Joseph Tory and his wife, 
and the wife of James Man, William Deuell and his wife, of the 
town of Rehoboth, for the confining of a meeting u{)on tiie 
Lord's day from house to house, contrary to the order of this 
Court enacted June 12th, 1650. 

THOMAS ROBINSON, 
HENRY TOMSON, 

etc., to the number of 14." 

The following year, July 31st, 1651, Obadiah Holmes and John 
Clarke were arrested and brought before a court of which the noted 
Governor Endicott was then president. Both were sentenced to 
pay a fine of £30, or be publicly whipped. Clarke's fine was paid, 
but Obadiah Holmes, although abundantly able to pay the fine, 
refused to do it as he deemed it would be an acknowledgment 
of error and "he chose rather to suffer than to deny his Lord." 
He was kept in prison until the September following, when lie 
was severely whipped in public in Boston with a three corded 
whif) thirty lashes. He subsequently removed to Middletown, 
near Newport, on the island of Rhode Island. From him de- 
scends numerous families of the name in New Jersey and other 
states. 

Edward Smith and William Deuell or Dcvill indicted with 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 19 

him in 1650, also went to Rhode Island and subsequently aided 
in establishing the settlements in Monmouth. 

John Tilton, another of the twelve Monmouth Patentees, when 
he first came from England, located at Lynn, Massachusetts. 
His wife was a Baptist and in December 1642, she was indicted 
for " Holdinge that tlie baptism of infants was no ordinance of 
God." They left Massachusetts with Lady Deborah Moody and 
other Baptists and settled at Gravesend, Long Island. Here 
again they were made to suffer for conscience sake. In 1658, he 
was fined by the Dutch authorities for allowing a Quaker wo- 
man to stop at his house. In September 1662, he was fined for 
"Permitting Quakers to quake at his house." In October of 
the same year himself and wife were summoned before Governor 
Stuyvesant and Council at New Amsterdam, now New York, 
charged with having entertained Quakers and frequenting their 
conventicles. They were condemned and ordered to leave the 
province before the 20th day of November following, under pain 
of corporeal punishment. It is supposed that through the efforts 
of Lady Moody, who had great influence with the Dutch Gover- 
nor, the sentence was either reversed, or changed to the pay- 
ment of a fine. 

Nicholas Davis, another patentee, is supposed to be the same 
named as a freeman at Barnstable, Massachusetts, 1643. When 
the Quakers began preaching their doctrines he joined them and 
in April, 1659, he was prosecuted for his faith, and in July of 
the same year he came near becoming a martyr to it as he was 
sentenced to death with Mary Dyer, William Robinson and 
Marmaduke Stevenson who were hung in Boston, but he was 
set at liberty September 14th, 1659, and banished. He went to 
Newport, R. I., where he lived when the Monmouth Patent was 
granted. 

Mary Dyer, the unfortunate Quaker woman who was sen- 
tenced to death with Nicholas Davis, was hung in Boston the 
following year for her zeal in endeavoring to spread her faith. 
Her son, Henry Dyer, came to Monmouth among the first 
settlers. 

James Hubbard, William Goulding and probably John 
Bowne, ail named among the twelve Monmouth Patentees, had 
been compelled to leave Massachusetts because of their sympathy 
with the Baptists. 

Samuel Spicer, of Gravesend, L. I., another of the twelve 
patentees, was a victim of persecution for his Quaker principles by 
the Dutch authorities at New Amsterdam ; his mother also was 
severely dealt with for the same cause. The Dutch Governor, 
Peter Stuyvesant, was required to take oath that he would 
" Maintain the Reformed religion in conformity to the word and 
the decrees of the Synod of Dordrecht and not to tolerate any 
otner sect." {Thompson's L. l, Vol. ^, p. 293). 



20 BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

For being Quakers or showing sympathy for them, at one time 
lie arrested and imprisoned William Reape, whose name subse- 
quently appears as one of the twelve Monmouth Patentees, John 
Tilton and his wife, Edward Wharton, who had previously been 
imprisoned, and severely whipped in Massachusetts, for his 
Quakerism, and Joseph Nicholson, John Liddel, Alice Ambrose, 
Mary Tompkins and Jane Millard, and after keeping them in jail 
for ten days, the Governor put them in a ship (except Tilton and 
his wife) and sent them off. The name of William Reape, the 
jiatentee, subsequently appears at Newport, R. L, where he was 
a merchant. He came to Monmouth among the original settlers, 
Edward Wharton, who had been a victim of intolerance both 
in Massachusetts and on Long Island, aided in establishing the 
h^ettlement of Monmouth by buying land, but he finally returned 
to New England. 

CASSANDRA SOUTHWICK's DESCENDANTS IN NEW JERSEY. 

Nathaniel Sylvester, another of the twelve patentees, was a 
Quaker and principal owner of Shelter Island, near the east end 
of Long Island. Though he was a patentee and paid for a 
share of land, he did not himself settle in Monmouth, but it was 
])robably through him that descendants of Cassandra South- 
wick, celebrated in Whittier's beautiful ballad, came to New Jer- 
!?ey. The good Quaker poet, in the ballad, has taken a "poet's 
license," in changing a name. No such event as that described 
ever happened to Cassandra Southwick, but it did substantially 
happen to her daughter, Provided Southwick, who subsequently 
married Samuel Gaskell, and from Cassandra Southwick and 
iier daughter, Provided Gaskell, the real heroine of the ballad, 
descend South wicks and Gaskells or Gaskins, of New Jersey. 

Cassandra Southwick was the wife of Lawrence Southwick, 
who is named with Obadiah Holmes and Annaniah Conklin in 
connection with establishing glass works at Salem, Mass., 1639. 
When, about 165G, the Quakers began preaching their doctrines, 
Lawrence and Cassandra Southwick, both then well along in 
years, became converts and zealous advocates of Quaker princi- 
jtles. For this they were frequently and most cruelly punished 
and finally banished. They found refuge with Nathaniel Syl- 
vester, the Monmouth patentee, at Shelter Island. As they 
were an aged couple, the severity of their punishments un- 
<loubtedly liastened their end, and they died at Shelter Island 
within three days of each other. His will was dated July 10, 
1659, and proven the following year. He left children, Josiah, 
John, Daniel, Mary, Provided and Delivered. Some of these 
also suffered severe persecution. Josiah was cruelly punished 
with his parents and also banished, but he soon returned and 
subsequently went to England with two other Quakers named 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 21 

Samuel Shattock and Nicholas Phelps, to endeavor to obtain 
some amelioration of the condition of the Quakers in New Enc^- 
land, and they were so successful that they returned with the 
King's order that thereafter Quakers should not be tried in New 
England, but must be sent to England for trial. The conse- 
quence of this was, that after that, Quakers were rarely molested 
except by vexatious fines. Daniel Southwick, another son of 
Cassandra, and her two daughters, Mary and Provided, were 
also severely punished for their adherence to the Quakers. At 
one time, Mary, who had married a man named Trask, was im- 
prisoned, and her sister Provided went to visit her, and was 
asked if she was a Quaker. She answered that she " was one of 
the called," for which she was punished. At another time, 
Provided and her brother Daniel were arrested for not attend- 
ing church ordinances, for which they were fined £10, which 
they could not or would not pay. She was then about twenty 
years old. The proceedings which followed were the founda- 
tion of Whittier's well-known ballad. On their refusing to pay 
the fine, the Court issued the following order: 

"Whereas, Daniel Southwick and Provided Southwick, son 
and daughter of Lawrence Southwick, absenting themselves 
from the public ordinances, have been fined by the Court of 
Salem, and they pretending they have no estates, and refusing 
to work, the Court, upon perusal of a law which was made on 
account of debts, in answer to what should be done for the satis- 
faction of the fine, resolves that thp Treasurers of the several 
counties shall be empowered to sell said persons to any of the 
English name in Virginia or Barbadoes to answer said find. 

EDWARD RAWSON, 
Secretary of General Court, Boston." 

An attempt to carry out this order was made by Edward Bat- 
ter, one of the treasures, " to get the booty," as Bishop savs in 
that ancient Quaker work called " New England Judged ;" and 
he farther adds : 

'' He sought for a passage to send them to Barbadoes for sale, 
but none were willing to take or carry them. And a certain 
master of a ship, to put the thing off, pretended that they would 
spoil the ship's company. To which Batter replied, " Oh, you 
need not fear them, for they are poor harmless creatures, and 
will not hurt anybody." " Will they not so?" replied the ship 
master, " and would you make slaves of such harmless crea- 
tures?" Thus Batter, maugre his wicked intent, the winter be- 
ing at hand, sent them home again to shift for themselves till he 
could get a convenient opportunity to send them away." 

But he seems not to have interferred with them again. Pro- 
vided Southwick, shortly afterwards, married Samuel Gaskell. 



22 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

The first of the Gaskell family in America was Edward, who was 
a shipwright at Salem, Mass., 1639. The name, originall}', was 
Gascoj'ne, indicating Hugenot origin. It was next called Gas- 
kins and finally Gaskell. It is given all three ways in New 
England records, and in an affidavit signed by Provided and 
lier husband, copied in the New England Historic Genealogical 
Register, Vol. XVII., it is given both Gaskin and Gaskell in the 
same paper. The change from Gascoyne to Gaskell is hardly so 
great as that in the name of another New Jersey family of Hu- 
guenot origin, the Dobbins. This name was, originally, D'Au- 
bigne, which the English or Americans corrupted to Dawbeens, 
and finally to Dobbins. 

Edwaid Gaskell had a son Samuel, who married Provided 
Southwick, Oct. 20, 1662, and the names of the following child- 
ren have been preserved — 

Samuel, born November 11, 1665, 
Edward, " October 23, ]667, 
Hannah, " January 2, 1669, 
Provided, " April 12, 1672. 

In March, 1701, the names of Edward Gaskell and Josiah 
Southwick appear at Mount Holly as purchasers of the mill 
there, and from their names, and the names of their children, it 
is evident they were of Cassandra Southwick's family. In a list 
of inhabitants of Northampton township, Burlington county, 
1709, published in an early volume of proceedings of N. J. His- 
torical Society, are the following names — 

Gaskell: Edward Gaskell, aged 46; Hannah, 33; Joseph, 14; 
Zerubabel, 11; Provided, 9; Samuel, 6; Hannah, 4; Broad, 3; 
Jaseph Gaskell, 30; Rebecca, 23 ; Mary, 3; Jacob. 1. 

Southwick: Josiah, 52; Elizabeth, 36; Ruth, 14; Josiah, 11; 
James, 9; Maham, 1. 

The Edward Gaskell named as one of the purchasers of 
the Mount Holly Mill, 1701, was probably, the son of Pro- 
vided Southwick Gaskell, the real heroine of the events described 
in Whittier's ballad, and the Josiah Southwick, a brother's son. 
A number of the personal friends of the Southvvicks in New 
England had been compelled to seek refuge from persucution in 
Rhode Island and elsewhere, and finally came to New Jersey, 
and as Natrianiel Sylvester, with whom their parents found 
refuge, did not settle on his share of land in Monmouth, he may 
have transferred his claim to his Qaal<er friends. Several years 
later, when the Quakers settled in West Jersey, some of the 
members of that sect in Monmouth went over and joined them. 
It is worthy of mention that descendants of Governor Endicott, 
who is charged in the ballad of Cassandra Southwick with being 
a party to their persecution, now live in the same county and 
vicinity. Josepli Endicott, a grandson of the governor, came to 
Burlington county, 1698, and his descendants and the descend- 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 23 

ants of Cassandra Southwick have long been neighbors, and not 
improbably have intermarried. 

William Shattock, an associate patentee of Monmouth, was a 
friend of the Southwicks in New England ; he was a native of 
Boston, and for joining the Quakers was cruelly whipped, im- 
prisoned, and finally banished. He came to Monmouth with 
the first settlers, and a few years later passed over into Burling- 
ton with others of his faith. His daughter Hannah married 
Restore Lippencott, an honored name in the annals of Burling- 
ton. Richard Lippencott, the father of Restore, and ancestor of 
the Lippencotts in the United States, was in Boston about the 
time of the first persecutions of the Baptists and Antinomians, 
and was so displeased with intolerance there that he returned to 
England. He subseCjuently came to Monmouth with the first 
settlers, and was an associate patentee. 

Eliakim Wardell, an associate patentee and original settler of 
Monmouth, had lived near Hampton, N. H. His wife became 
an early convert to the Quakers, and both husband and wife 
were cruelly whipped and otherwise punished. They sought 
refuge, probably first in Rhode Island, and finally in Mon- 
mouth. 

George Allen, Peter Gauntt and Richard Kirby, of Sandwich, 
Mass., and William Gifford, ancestors of numerous families of 
the respective names in New Jersey, suffered severely by fines 
and vexatious suits for their adherence to the Quaker faith. 
George Allen, William Gifford and the sons of Peter Gauntt 
were among the original purchasers of land in Monmouth. 

Beside the Baptists and Quakers, there was another sect, known 
as Antinomians, which felt the effect of New England intoler- 
ance. Their chief leaders were Rev. Mr. Wheelwright and the 
noted Anna Hutchinson. The members of this sect were dis- 
armed and disfranchised about 1637, and it was they who chiefly 
settled in the island of Rhode Island, on which are the towns of 
Newport, Middletown and Portsmouth. From thence came an- 
cestors of many well known New Jersey families, among whom 
may be named Bordens, Havens, Potters, Motts, Jeffries, Wilburs, 
Browns, Laytons, Vaughns, Spicers, Davis', Wests, Cotterells, 
Burtons, Shearmans, Slocums, Woolleys, Smiths, Walls, War- 
dells, Carrs, and one branch of the Parker family. Members of 
some of these families early embraced the Quaker faith. 

While the refugee Antinomians mainly settled on the island 
of Rhode Island, the banished Baptists generally at first settled 
at Providence. Among the earliest settlers of that ])lace with 
Roger Williams were John Throckmorton, who came from Eng- 
land in the same ship with Roger Williams, Thomas James, 
William Arnold, Edward Cole and Ezekiel Holliman, or Hol- 
man, as the name is now generally given. Throckmorton and 



24 BI CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

Cole, and members of the families of the others named, aided in 
establishing the settlement in Monmouth. 

When Roger Williams first went to explore the country now 
called Rhode Island he took with him a man named John Smith, 
and three others. John and Edward Snjith left Massachusetts 
because of intolerance to Baptists. They aided in settling Mon- 
mouth, and the first schoolmaster there was John Smith. The 
first settlers were favorable to the education of all classes, and it 
is quite certain they had no sympathy with the sentiments of 
the governor of Virginia at that time. Berkley, tlie royal gov- 
ernor of Virginia in 1071, said : "Thank God, there are no free 
schools in this province, nor printing press; and I hope weshall 
not have for these hundred years !" 

The settlers in Monmouth from Rhode Island brought with 
them the best features of the early Rhode Island government, 
and left behind such questionable ones as have been referred to 
elsewhere. Rhode Island was far in advance of the rest of New- 
England ; and the principles established in Monmouth of uni- 
versal suffrage and unrestricted tolerance were decidedly in 
advance of Rhode Island. 

About 1682-5 there were very many refugee Scotch Quakers 
and Scotch Presbyterians, who had fled from persecution in Scot- 
land, who located in East Jersey. These are noticed in the 
standard historical works of Mr. Whitehea<l. Occasional de- 
scendants of the persecuted and banished Huguenots also came 
to this State; among them, it is said, were Bodines, Gaskell or 
Gaskins, Depuy, Soper and Dobbins, which name, as before 
stated, was originally D'Aubigne, corrupted to Dawbeens, and 
finally Dobbins.* 

President Li.n'coln Descended from Fiust Settlers in New 

Jersey. 

Monmouth county, one of the earliest refuges for the persecuted 
of different sects, has been not inaptly terine(i " The mother of 
colonies," because so many offshoots of families of early settlers, 
went to other Sfates and established, or aided in establishing, set- 

*NoTE. — In spiakinp of New Jersey being a refuge, it may not l»e niiicli of a 
digression to recall the fact that the humorous appellation of "foreigners" applied 
to Jerseymen hafi its origin in the fact that this State became the refuge of the ex- 
King of Spain, .Joseph Bonaparte. After he was compelled to leave Kiiro|)e, he 
Heemed desiron-- of making a home for himself in or near I'hiladclphia, bnl tlw laws 
of Pennsylvania prevented an aliiri from holding real estate. New .Jersey allowed 
him to purchase lands at IJordentown, upon which he erected one of liie 
linest linililings then known in .America. He was liberal in exprnding money in ihe 
vicinity, and was of great arlvantage to the business there. The I'hiladelphians 
Were chagrined to find that a man so d»'sirable to the bn-iiness of ilnir city bad i>cen 
driven away, and whenever, after that, a .Jerscyman visitt-d I'liiiadelphia he was 
liable to be sainted with the exclamation, "Yon have got a king among yon ; you 
must be forciijner.i !" 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 25 

tlements. The- first place to which the}'' went was Eastern Penn- 
sylvania; from thence some went farther west, others to Mary- 
land, Virginia, particularly to the Valley of Virginia, to the 
Carolinas, Georgia, and in the course of years to almost every 
Sourthern and Western State. That these emigrants favorably 
remembered from whence they came is shown by the number of 
places named for the county and State. Among the first settlers 
of tile Valley of Virginia, who began to locate there about 1732, 
were Formans, Taylors, Stocktons, Throckmortons, Van Meters, 
Pattersons, Vances, Aliens, Willets or Willis, Larues, Lucas' and 
others of familiar New Jersey names. Fourteen or fifteen Bap- 
tist families from New Jersey settled near Gerardstown, and 
there were also many Scotch Presbyterians from New Jersey, 
among whom were Crawfords, McDowells, Stuarts, Alexanders, 
Kerrs, Browns and Cummings. Members of these families 
eventually passed into the Carolinas, Kentucky and elsewhere, 
and descendants of some became noted not only in the localties 
or States where they settled, but in the annals of the nation. 
Among those of Scotch origin may be named William H. Craw- 
ford, of Georgia, once a United States Senator from that State 
and also a Presidential candidate, and General Leslie Combs, of 
Kentucky. 

Another man still more noted in the history of the nation, 
who descended from early settlers of New Jersey and whose an- 
cestors went to Eastern Pennsylvania and thence to the Valley 
ot Virginia, was the late President Abraham Lincoln, one of whose 
ancestors was John Bovvne, Speaker of the House of Assembly, 
two hundred years ago. A few years ago. Judge George C. Beek- 
man, in looking over ancient records in the Court House, at 
Freehold, found frequent mention of the name of Mordecai Lin- 
coln, and he sup[iosed it was possible that this man migiit be the 
ancestor of Abraham Lincoln, as he went to Eastern Pennsyl- 
vania, and the late President said that according to a tradition 
in his family his ancestors came from thence. But in his life 
time he could trace his ancestry no farther back than to iiis 
grandfather, Abraham, who originally lived in Rockingham 
county, in the Valley of Virginia. Within the last two or three 
months it has been definitely ascertained that Judge Beekman's 
supposition was correct. A relative of the Lincoln family, Mr. 
Samuel Shackford, of Cook county, Illinois, has been most inde- 
fatigable in efforts to trace back the ancestry of the late President 
by visits to and searches in records in Kentucky, the Valley of 
Virginia and Eastern Pennsylvania. He found that the great 
grandfather of the late President was named John, who came 
from Eastern Pennsylvania, where his father, a Mordecai Lin- 
coln, had settled. Mr. Shackford gained the impression that 
Mordecai and his son John came from New Jersey, and about 
two months ago he wrote to persons he supposed familiar with 



26 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

old records here, inquiring if there was any mention of a Mor- 
decai and his sou John in ancient New Jersey records. The 
records in the office of the Secretary of State at Trenton fur- 
nislied the desired information. In that office is the record of a 
deed dated November 8th, 1748, in Book H, p 437, from John 
Lincohi, who describes himself as son and heir of Mordecai 
Lincoln, late of Caernaven township, Lancaster county, Penn- 
sylvania, formerly of New Jersey, for lands in Middlesex county, 
New Jersey. By reference to a previous record in the same 
Book p. 150, it is found that this was the same land deeded to 
Mordecai Lincoln, of Monmouth county, February 12th, 1720. 
Thus after patient researches, running through some twenty-five 
years, records are discovered in the State House which enable 
tliose interested, to trace the late President's ancestry in an un- 
broken chain back to New Jersey, and thence to the first comer 
from England. 

As the genealogy of President Lincoln has never been pub- 
lished in full, because it was not until so recently that the miss- 
ing links in the chain were discovered, it may he briefly given 
here. 

The founder of the family was Samuel Lincoln, who came 
from Norwich. England, to Massachusetts. He had a son, Mor- 
decai the first, who in turn had sous, Mordecai the second and 
Abraham, both of whom came to New Jersey. Both subse- 
que!itly moved to Eastern Pennsylvania. Mordecai the second 
had a sou, John, born in New Jersey, who moved to the valley 
of Virginia and had a son named Abraham, who in turn had 
a son Thomas, who was father of the late President Abraham 
Lincoln. 

The descendants of the early settlers of New Jersey, in their 
migrations to other States, it may be presumed, carried with 
them the liberal principles of government on which our State 
was founded. Our ancestors had hardly erected shelters for 
themselves before they established the church and the school. 
In addition to unrestricted religious toleration, they established 
the principle of equality of all men before the law. Said the 
founders of West Jersey : 

" We lay a foundation for after ages to understand their 
liberty as Christians and as men, that they may not be brought 
into bondage but by their own consent. For we tut the 

POWER IN THE PEOPLE." 

After generations did understand it and the foremost man of 
his day only reiterated their sentiment when he advocated " A 
government of the people, by the people, for the people." 
The founders of West Jersey further declared : 
■' We, the Governor and proprietors, freeholders and inhabit- 
ants of West Jersey, by mutual consent and agreement, for the 
prevention of innovations and oppressions either upon us or our 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 27 

posterity, and for the preservation of the peace and tranquillity 
of the same ; and that all may be encouraged to go on cheer- 
fully in their several places, we do make and constitute these, 
our agreements, to be as fundamentals to us and our posterity, 
etc." 

It is remarkable to note how similar to the above, is the Pre- 
amble to our National Constitution adopted one hundred and 
six years later. It says: 

" We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more 
perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquillity, 
provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare 
and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos- 
terity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United 
States." 

The fundamental principles upon which the government of 
our nation is based, are, that just governments should be derived 
from the people, and that liberty of conscience should be 
guaranteed to all. It is a striking testimony to the wisdom of 
the first settlers of New Jerse}' that their sentiments and almost 
their very words on these subjects were eventually adopted by 
the nation. 

Are we not then, as Jerseymen, justifiable in honoring the 
memory of the wise, just. God-fearing founders of our State, 
who were first and foremost in proclaiming and establishing 
these principles, which are now the corner stone of the great 
American Republic?* 

After which the American Singing Society, of Newark, sang 
two hymns, one of which was " The Centennial Hymn," followed 
by an address from the Hon. Charles D. Deshler, of New Bruns- 
wick. 

Address by Hon. Charles D. Deshler, of New Brunswick. 

]^Ir. President, gentlemen of the Senate and House of Assembly, la- 
dies and gentlemen : 

It is something more than an empty sentiment that prompts 
men of all ages and countries to dwell upon the beginnings of 
their life as a people, and to commemorate the institutions which 
their ancestors founded. For no man can be deeply interested 
in studying the history of the formative periods of the common- 
wealth of which he is a member who is not moved by a feeling 
of patriotism, nor can he be greatly concerned in recalling the 
memor}'^ of his ancestors if he have not an honorable pride in 
their character, and be not animated by a lively desire for the 
perpetuation of the institutions which they transmitted. 

*For " Notes" accompanying Mr. Salter's address, see Appendix, page 4^. 



28 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

In truth, the revival of the memor}'- of the early da3's of a 
country or commonwealth, whether informal and occasional, or 
on fixed commemorative seasons, at the instance of public bodies, 
such as that which now brings us together, and the study of the 
institutions which were then laid with great toil, with inadequate 
means, and under most unpropitious circumstances, must be a 
perpetual incitement to the men of after-times to vigilantly guard 
and reverently preserve the political rights and privileges, and 
to more highly prize the social blessings, which have been be- 
queathed to them. Men are greatly prone, while they uncon- 
sciously enjoy essential privileges and blessings that seem as 
common to them as the natural benisons, light, and air, and 
water, to forget that these wei-e not their heritage by the bounty 
of nature, but that they were evolved through slow and painful 
processes by the toil, the energy, the patience, the intelligence, 
and the wise foresight of man, and tiiat what was thus slowly and 
painfully built up and establislied can only be preserved and 
augmented by the continued loyal, honest, unselfish, and patriotic 
exertions of other men. 

Therefore, when the honorable, the Senate and General As- 
sembly of our State — justly mindful of the debt which the present 
owes to the past, and wisely conceiving that to revive the memory 
of the past was also to awaken a fuller and deeper sense of re- 
sponsibility for the present — paused in the midst of their labors, 
and invited their fellow citizens to join them in celebrating the 
legislative birthday of the commonwealth, and in recalling tiie 
agency of the Jerseymen of 1683 in giving form and direction 
to the mind and purposes of the then infant colon}', it was not 
the indulgence merely of a graceful sentiment, but was em- 
phatically the performance of a pious and patriotic duty, calcu- 
lated to exert a definite, a practical, and a wholesome influence 
upon the character, the aims, the aspirations and the public and 
private spirit of the Jerseymen of to-day. 

Following the line of thought whicii I have thus suggested, I 
invite your attention to a cursory general view of the province 
and people of New Jersey prior to and including the vear of our 
Lord 1083. 

On the 12th of March, IGGl, Charles the Second of England, 
in virtue of the alleged sovereignty acquired by the Crown, 
through the discovery of this part of the Coniinent in 1408, by 
Sebastian Cabot, an English navigator, sailing under tlie Eng- 
lish flag, granted to his brother James, then Duke of York, l)ut 
afterward King of England, all those territories extending along 
the sea coast, from New Scotland, as it was then styled, but now 
known as Nova Scotia, to the east side of Delaware bay and 
river. The indenture conveyed to James and his legal succes- 
sors, not only the lands, mij^.erals, waters, forests and wild 
animals of these territories, but also the right and power to 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 29 

nominate, make, constitute, ordain and confirm, and likewise to 
revoke, disciiarge, change and alter, the governors, officers and 
viinisters thereof, as he thought fit and needful; and further, 
the right and power to make, ordain and establish, and to abro- 
gate, revoke or change, all manner of orders, laws, directions, 
instructions, forms and ceremonies of government and magistracy, 
not contrary to the laws and statutes of England, that he might 
think fit and necessary for the government of the same. And 
a few months later, on the 24th of June, of the same year, the 
Duke of York, by an indenture of that date, sold and assigned 
to John, Lord Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, and Sir George Car- 
teret, of Saltrum, in the county of Devon, all that portion of 
the land conveyed to him by Charles IL, " lying and being to 
the westward of Long Island and Manhitas Island, and bounded 
on the east part by the main sea and part by Hudson's river, 
and hath upon the west Delaware bay or river, and extendeth 
southward to the main ocean as far as Cape May, at the mouth 
of Delaware bay; and to the northward as far as the norther- 
most branch of the said bay or river of Delaware, which is 
forty-one degrees and forty minutes of latitude, and crosseth 
over thence in a strait line to Hudson's river in forty-one 
degrees of latitude ; which said tract of land is hereafter to be 
called by the name or names of New Ceesaria or New Jersey^' 

This indenture is a document of great historical significance 
to Jerseymen. It was the revival and first practical assertion 
of the long dormant title of the English Crown to the sove- 
reignty' and ownership of the territory, from the Hudson to the 
Delaware, that had been hitherto occupied by the Dutch as a 
part of their Colony of New Netherlands, a title, we pause to 
say, which it had not been convenient for the English govern- 
ment to assert during the foreign wars and complications, and 
the domestic dissensions and civil wars that had rocked Eng- 
land to its foundations in the preceding years of the century, 
but which was now promptly and effectively enforced in the 
month of August following, by the display of overpowering 
force at New Amsterdam, and the surrender of New Nether- 
lands to the English a month later. By this instrument New 
Jersey was converted from a Dutch into an English colony ; was 
given the name it still bears and cherishes; was, for the first, 
constituted a geographical unit with the definite prescribed 
boundaries that exist, with slight modifications at this day ; 
and it was the real source and starting point of our political 
organization and existence as a State, modelled on the popular 
liberties of England instead of on the aristocratic liberties of 
Holland. 

Previous to this, under the Dutch rule, the province had no 
prescribed boundaries, no distinct existence, and no vitalizing 
and conterminous political or institutional organization. For 



30 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

during the entire period of the Dutch ascendancy, from 1618 to 
1664, the interior of New Jersey was almost wholly unoccupied 
by white men. The Dutch loved trade better than adventure. 
They had little of the restless energy and daring spirit of the 
pioneer. For the most part, they were content to settle down 
placidly and gregariously in their settlements along the Hudson 
and on the Delaware. And, beyond an occasional spot upon 
which some of their more enterprising companions had estab- 
lished themselves, the entire district between the two rivers, and 
indeed, the province at large, was in the undisturbed possession 
of the Indians, wiiose enmity they had managed thoroughly to 
arouse. On the Hudson, they had gathered in sufficient num- 
bers to found a petty town on Bergen Neck, which they styled 
Bergentown ; and .the plantations on both sides of the Neck, as 
far as Hackensack, were under its jurisdiction, and were all com- 
prised under the tith; of the " Towne of Bergen." A part of this 
tract, being the portion lying on the North River, including 
Paulus Hook (now Jersey City), and extending to the marslies 
north and south, was bought of the Indians by Michael Pauw, 
in July and November, 1630. Another portion, extending from 
Newark Bay northward to Tappan, and including the Valley of 
the Hackensack, was bought of the Indians by Myndert Van 
Horst, in 1641; and in that year he established a colony, with 
its headquarters about five or six hundred paces from the vil- 
lage of the Hackensack Indians. This was the germ of the town 
of Hackensack. In 1651, " courts of justice " had been estab- 
lished at "Hopating," near Hackensack. In 1658, Governor 
Stuyvesant — " Hard-Koppig Piet" — bought that part of Bergen 
from the Indians, which extended from " the great rock above 
Wiehacken to the Kill von KuU." Before this, however, as early 
as 1640, that section had been already occupied by some settlers, 
especially at the town of Bergen; and the settlements at Com- 
munipaw, Paulus Hook, and Hoboken were made still earlier, 
from 1630 to 1636. By 1661, Bergen had become quite a 
thriving village, and in that year it was erected into a distinct 
municipality, with a charter from the government of New Neth- 
erlands, empowering it to hold courts, and ornamenting it with 
such civil dignitaries as a "sellout," or sheriff, and three magis- 
trates, who united the functions of burgesses and justices. This 
was the earliest municipal organization in New Jersey. 

Turning now from the Hudson to tiie Delaware, let us trace 
the early settlements there under the Dutch rule. The vicinity 
of Salem was probably the first spot in West Jersey visited by 
white men. Hendiick Pludson had anchored the Half-Moon in 
Delaware Bay, in 1009, but did not land. In 1616, Cornelius 
Hendricksen sailed from Manhattan, and explored the " iSouth 
River," as the Delaware was styled by the Dutch, first landing 
at the mouth of Salem Creek, and afterward continuing up the 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. ' 31 

river to its confluence with the Schuylkill. In 1G21, the West 
India Company projected a settlement on the Delaware, and the 
expedition again landed at, or near the site of Salem, from 
whence its commander, Cornells Jacobse May (after whom Cape 
May was named), led a party to Sassackon, or Timmer Kill 
(now Timber Creek), near the present town of Gloucester, and 
established a colony and built a fort* there in 1623. Among 
the original settlers who composed this little colony were four 
Dutch couples, who had been married on shipboard, during 
their voyage from Holland to Nev>^ Amsterdam, and who, soon 
after their arrival at the infant metropolis, had been sent from 
there in a vessel, with eight others, by order of the Dutch gov- 
ernor, to assist in forming this settlement. Other parties fol- 
lowed, under the direction of the West India Company, till 
1629, when the colony was scattered and the settlements de- 
stroyed by the Indians. Still another attempt was made soon 
after to establish a settlement at Fort Nassau, but the settlers 
were all massacred or made captive by the Indians, and their 
houses burned. And in 1632, discouraged by their ill-fortune, 
the Dutch, for the tinie, abandoned their efforts to plant a colony 
here. It is probable that in the following 3'ear, not a single 
European remained on the Delaware, below Trenton or Burling- 
ton, save those who were Indian captives. The years 1637 and 
1638 were the era of the Swedish attempt at colonization in West 
Jersey. In the former year they landed at Cape Henlopen, and 
purchased, or alleged that they had purchased, the soil from the 
Indians, from the Capes of the Delaware to the falls at Sanlii- 
kans, or Trenton. Between 1637 and 1654, they had planted 
several settlements on the east side of the Delaware, extending 
from Cape May to Burlington, the earliest and most important 
being at the mouth of Salem Creek, some three and a half miles 
from the site of Salem, where they built Fort Helsingborg. 
Late in 1640, or early in 1641, an English colony of sixty per- 
sons, from New Haven, settled near this point, and maintained 
themselves for several years, but were broken up and driven 
away by the Swedes and Dutch combined, partially in 1642, and 
finally in 1648, by which time the Dutch had again succeeded 
in establishing a few scattered settlements along the Delaware. 

Besides these setilements of the Dutch on the Hudson, and of 
the Dutch and Swedes on the Delaware, prior to 1664, there were 
several interesting instances of exceptional adventuresomeness 
by Dutchmen, in whom the instincts of the pioneer were more 
largely developed than in the great body of their compatriots. 

One of these, which was projected at a very early day, is so 
largely invested with the element of romance, so completely en- 
vironed with an atmosphere of legend and mystery, and so sug- 

*Fort Nassau. 



32 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

gestive of dramatic incident and vicissitude, as to excite surprise 
that it has not been made tiie groundwork of a historical novel 
by some one among our native authors. About the year 1632, a 
number of Dutch miners gathere 1 from some Indians, who were 
visiting New Amsterdam and had become garrulous over the fire- 
water with which they were plied, that at a remote spot in the 
territory across the Hudson rich ores were to be found ; and also 
extracted from them a description of the a[)pearance of this spot 
and tolerably clear directions as to its bearings and how to reach 
it. Animated by the hope of gain combined with the spirit of 
adventure these bold fellows furtively left New Amsterdam with 
their families, and striking and following the old "Minisink 
Path " pierced the ** everlasting hills " of Sussex and Morris 
counties, penetrated the trackless forest wilds that then overspread 
the northern part of the province, and reached the spot that had 
been revealed to them. It lay near Minisink Island, on the 
Delaware, partly in the present limits of New Jersey and partly 
in Pennsylvania. Here they opened mines, which, as tlie re- 
mains testify to this day, were on a scale^ of great magnitude. 
To conceal the treasure they had discovered from the envious 
eyes of others, and to ensure the harvest which they anticipated 
from it for themselves, they so covertly and adroitly disposed of 
the fruit of their labors and kept up their needful supplies, and 
managed so completely to bury themselves in the wilderness, 
that they became lost, not only to the sight, but to the memory 
even of their quondam companions at New Amsterdam. Tradi- 
tion savs that for more than a hundred years these voluntary 
exiles toiled in the mines they had opened, holding no direct 
communication with the outer world, their numbers yearly 
growing fewer and fewer, until at last all had vanished from the 
scene, and with them the history of the episode and the secrets 
they had discovered. 

Such, then, was the state of the province when it changed 
hands from the Dutch to the English, in 1064. A few small 
settlements fringed the Hudson for ten or fifteen miles opposite 
New Amsterdam, and Delaware river and bay from Cape May 
to Trenton. But the whole interior was unsettled and unex- 
plored. Its soil remained virgin, and its mighty forests unshorn 
of their primeval majesty. The land lay silent and buried in 
mystery. Silent! save for the song of the birds, the fitful cry of 
the wild beasts, the music of breeze and brook and river in sum- 
mer, the roar of torrent and tempest in winter, the everlasting 
boom of tlie ocean, the hum of the insect world, and all the 
other multitudincnis voices of nature, interrupted now and anon 
by the whoop of the Indian. The entire population numbered 
less than five hundred souls. The distant and feeble settlements 
were held loosely together by two roads which traversed the 
province, and were more especiall}' designed to keep the com- 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATUR!E. 33 

munications open between the forts on tlie North River and on 
the Delaware, and the infrequent intercourse between the dis- 
tant settlements was maintained by means of letters and pack- 
ages carried from tribe to tribe by Indian runners. 

With the change from the Dutch to the English rule came a 
change from torpor to activity, from stagnation to quick vitality, 
from helpless inertia to energetic progress and development. 
Promptly after the execution of the grant by the king to the 
Duke of York, Governor Nicolls, of New York, who was igno- 
rant of the subsequent conveyance of New Jersey by the Duke 
to Berkeley and Carteret, no notification of it having reached 
him till several months later, and who understood that both 
New York and New Jersey lay within his jurisdiction, extended 
invitations of a most liberal kind to settlers ; and very soon the 
attention of enterprising men of the English race, in New Eng- 
land and on Long Island, was directed to this province. On the 
28th of October, 1664, he gave permission to three persons on 
Long Island to buy from the Indians all that territory bounded 
on the south and east by the Raritan and the Kills, and extend- 
ing westward into the country twice the length of its breadth, 
north and south, comprising the district within which now lie 
Newark, Elizabeth, Rahway, Plainfield, Piscataway, Woodbridge 
and Perth Amboy, and in December of that year he confirmed 
the purchase: in the meantime settlers having already begun to 
flock in at various points. As early as December, 1663, a party 
of men of English ancestry, from Long Island, had visited Rari- 
tan bay and river, for the purpose of buying lands from the 
Neversink and Raritan Indians, and their visit resulted in a 
grant of lands from Governor Nicolls, on the 18th of April, 
1665, to " certain of the inhabitants of Gcavesend on Long 
Island," which comprised the County of Monmouth, as it was 
first described and bounded. This grant was the justly cele- 
brated " Monmouth Patent," and by its terms the patentees, 
twelve in number, and their successors were to be " free from all 
rents, customs, excise, tax or lev}' whatsoever" for seven years, 
and were empowered to build towns and villages in such places 
as they thought most convenient, provided they were not "too 
far distant and scattering from one another." They were also 
guaranteed "free liberty of conscience, without any molestation 
or disturbance whatsoever, in their way of worship," and were 
authorized to select, by a majority vote, five or seven "of the 
ablest and discreetest inhabitants," who should have power to 
make their municipal laws, and hold certain courts. The first 
settlements under this patent were at Shrewsbury and Middle- 
town, 

Meanwhile the Proprietors, Berkeley and Carteret, were busily 
engaged in preparing for the government, organization, and set- 
tlement of the Province. Their first act was to draft and sign a 
3 



34 BI CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

constitution, which was remarkably liberal and even popular in 
its character, and which they entitled "The Concessions and 
Agreements of the Lords Proprietors of New Jersey, to and with 
all and every of the adventurers, and all such as shall settle and 
plant there." By this constitution the government of the pro- 
vince was confided to a governor, a council chosen by the gover- 
nor, and an assembly of twelve to be chosen annually by the 
freemen of the province. To the governor and council were re- 
served the power to appoint and remove all officers, to exercise 
a general supervision over courts and executors of the laws, and 
to lay out the lands ; but they were restricted from the imposi- 
tion of any tax upon the people not authorized by the assembly. 
The assembly was empowered to pass laws for the government 
of the province (subject to the approval of the governor), to levy 
taxes, build forts, raise militia, suppress rebellion, make war, 
naturalize aliens, and apportion lands to settlers. Provision was 
made for laying out towns and boroughs ; and, to invite settlers, 
especially planters and farmers, every freeman (the word free- 
man being here synonymous with freeholder) who should em- 
bark with, or meet the first governor on his arrival in the colon}', 
provided with a good musket of prescribed bore, and a designa- 
ted supply of powder and bullets, together with six months pro- 
visions, was promised one hundred and fifty acres of land, and as 
much more for every man servant or slave he brought with him 
similarly provided. In addition to these inducements seventy- 
five acres of land were promised for every female over fourteen 
years of age who should accompany each settler, and as many 
more to ever}' Christian servant on the expiration of his term of 
service. To those arriving later, if before January J6G5-G, one 
liundred and twenty acres were promised, if master or mistress, 
or able man servant or slave; and weaker servants, male or 
female, were to receive sixty acres. Those coming during the third 
year were promised three-fourths, and those coming during the 
fourth year one-half of these quantities. And all freemen set- 
tling here and becoming peaceful citizens were guaranteed free- 
dom of judgment, of conscience, and of worship, and security of 
person and property. 

By these '' Concessions " of the proprietors, and the patents and 
charters for lands executed thereunder by Governor Carteret on 
his arrival, and also by the invitations extended and the grants 
previously made by Gov. NicoUs — not stopping here to consider 
the conflicts of jurisdiction and title that ensued — a powerful 
impetus was given to the settlement of the province. Men of the 
Anglo-Saxon race, endowed with active brains and vigorous 
bodies, flowed in from New England, Long Island and the mother 
country, with a small infusion from Scotland and France. 
Towns and viUages si)rang up, farmers clustered into neighbor- 
hoods, churches and mills were erected, and in a few years it 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 35 

was deemed necessary to call the representatives of the people 
together. On the 26th of May 1668, a General Assembly for the 
entire province was convened at Elizabethtown, with deputies 
present from Bergen, Elizabethtown, Newark, Woodbridge, 
Middletown and Shrewsbury ; and at its subsequent session in 
November there were also present deputies representing Dela- 
ware River. Save for subsequent events that severed the chain 
of continuity, this Assembly of May 26th, 1()68, which witnessed 
the first conflict in New Jersey between the executive and the 
representatives of the people, and which inaugurated the first 
code of civil and criminal law in our commonwealth, would have 
been the lineal ancestor of our present legislature. But, five 
years later, in 1673, the Dutch reconquered New Jersey; and 
although the English regained possession in 1674, the change of 
sovereignty and mastership was supposed to have impaired the 
validity of the grant by Charles II. to the Duke of York, which, 
of course, carried with it the Duke's release to Berkeley and 
Carteret. In consequence, a new conveyance was made to 
Carteret, in 1675, for East Jersey only; while, William Penn and 
his associates, having become the owners of Berkeley's share of 
the lands granted in the original conveyance, a deed was given 
to them for West Jersey, and they assumed its government and 
proprietorship. Numerous and intricate complications ensued, 
and although several separate meetings of Assembly were held 
in each of the sections, the}^ were tainted with irregularity, be- 
cause of the defective titles and the constant conflicts of their 
respective proprietaries. It was not until East Jersey and West 
Jersey were brought under a common proprietorship, by ihe sale 
of East Jersey to William Penn and others, by the heirs of Car- 
teret, and the execution of a new, and a far more full and ex- 
plicit release from the Duke of York to twenty-four proprietors, 
of whom William Penn was one, that an Assembly was con- 
vened at Elizabethtown on ihe first day of March, 1683, which 
may be said to have had a regular .uccession until the present 
day. 

The enactments of the General Assemblies, earlier than that 
of March 1, 1683, are an exceedingly interesting subject of study, 
for the illustrations they afford of the moral, social, religious 
and political characteristics of the people of the province, in the 
interval from 1664 to 1683. And if we institute a comparison 
between those that were made by the West Jersey Assemblies 
and those made by the East Jersey Assemblies, the latter are the 
sufferers in all that relates to civil and religious liberty and an 
enlightened humanity. 

The people of East Jersey, as fairly represented by their 
deputies, manifested a more restless energy and a higher degree 
of intellectual activity than those of West Jersey. But, taking 
their hue partly from the Puritans of New England, partly 



36 BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

from their royalist proprietors, and partly from the tenor of 
English law and the dominant temper of the thought and 
action of the Englislimen of that day, they were intolerant of 
all who differed from themselves in matters of religion, and 
were imbued with a sombreness and an austerity that were 
reflected in the severit}'^ of their penal codes. They elevated 
comparatively light offences into crimes whose punishment was 
truly draconian, and they often shock the moral sense by their 
conversion of things innocent, except in their own gloomy and 
austere imaginations, or that were of inferior atrocity, into 
capital crimes whose penalty was death. With a strong desire 
fur equifcv and justice in all that relates to dealings between 
man and man, and a readiness to assert, and a resolute deter- 
mination to maintain, what they believed to be their rights, 
nowhere, except in their perennial conflicts with the executive 
power, do they seem to have had any large conception of popu- 
lar liberty. In West Jersey, however, where the proprietors 
represented those in England who were laboring for toleration, 
for liberty of conscience, for alleviation of human woe and dis- 
tress, and who were animated by a lively sympath}' for popular 
rights, a very different temper prevailed. In 1675, the West 
Jersey proprietors had made the golden announcement, far in 
advance of the age: ''We lay a foundation for after ages to 
understand their liberty as Christians and as men, that they 
may not be brought into bondage save by their own consent ; 
for we put the power in the people" And in conformity with this 
annunciation of a constitution of government more popular 
than any then existing or even dreamed of elsewhere, it was 
decreed in the very first law passed by the General Free Assem- 
bly of West Jersey that " no man or number of men hath any 
power over conscience," and that " no person shall at any time, 
in any ways, or on any pretence, be called in question, or in the 
least punished or hurt, for any opinion in religion." It was 
also decreed that the deputies to the General Assembly should 
be chosen, not by the co ifused way of cries and voices, but by 
the balloting box ; that every man was to be capable of choosing 
and being chosen ; that the deputies were to be instructed by, 
and were to obey the instructions of their electors; that if the 
deputy were disobedient or unfaithful, he could be questioned 
before the Legislature by any one of his electors; that in order 
"that he may be known as the servant of the people," one 
shilling was to be paid the deputy daily by his constituents in 
satisfaction of his trouble and outlay ; that no one should be 
imprisoned for debt; and that the penalty'- of death should be 
inflicted for murder only. Thus, while, in East Jersey, the chief 
features of the harsh codes of England and New England — 
multiplying capital crimes, and even punishing witchcraft with 
death — were transferred to their statutes by its early legislators, 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 37 

tocrether with many other asperities of the civil and criminal 
law of England ; and while they could be excited to an invin- 
cible iealousy of the executive and his council, but yet be 
forcreiful of many fundamental principles of personal and 
nublic liberty, in West Jersey the huvs were mild, punish- 
ments were bloodless, the stocks and the whippmg-post were 
unknown, liberty was common as air, and the influence of the 
people upon the government and the laws was immediate and 

''''The enlfctments of the General Assembly, of March 1st. 1683, 
while preserving, in their general lines, the austerity and sev- 
erity of those of the earlier assemblies of East Jersey, still dis- 
close a decided amelioration in numerous essential particulars. 
The ca])ital crimes punishable with death under the earlier 
codes twelve in number, were now reduced more than one-halt. 
Amono- those struck off from the sanguinary list, and indeed 
erased entirelv from the statute book was that of being 
«' found to be a witch, either male or female ; while some others 
of darker hue were assigned to the category of minor crimes 
with lighter penalties than before. There is also a perceptible, 
diminution in the number of specified offences, and a decided 
mitigation of the severity of penalties generally But while this 
general amelioration of the laws is visible, the lines were drawn 
with even greater strictness, and heavier penalties were de- 
nounced against delinquencies of a moral and religious nature, 
such as "the beastly vice of drunkenness," "profaning the 
Lord's day," and "profanely taking God's name i" yain by 
cursing and swearing"; and, for the first, imprisonment for debt 
became a part of the statute. One very curious and touching 
feature of the bill, embodying the laws of the province, adopted 
by this assemblv, was the provision that "wnoever shall attlict 
the widow or fatherless shall be punished by the judges accord- 
ing to the nature of the transgression;" and another provision 
of the same bill, luminous with humanity and instinct with the 
sentiment of justice for such as were too feeble to protect them- 
selves, was one for the alleviation of the condition of apprentices 
and those who were in servitude, and assuring them their tree- 
dom in due time.* Li addition to its other labors, which were 

* " No- white servant," says this provision, " whether male or female, if 17 years of 
nc.e wLn bound or bought, shall serve above four years from the time of his arrival 
hSe and then be free ; ln\ if thev be under 17 years of age, not to serve until thev 

norted against his or their consent, to any place out ot this proMnce, an l at tie 
ex .ir- ition of his or their service, his or their master, or mistress, or agent shall fur- 
S tlHfoe id ervlnt or ser;ants, and each of them respectively with two sui s 
o ap are1 Tnit^ble for a servant, one good fallin. ax, a good hoe, -."<\7«" bushe 
of loo?l Indiin corn .... If a man or woman maim, or smite the eye of his 
iHr mai'; rervrt, being a white servant, so that it perish or --/« oiU ',e to^.h 
of his or their man or maid servant, such servant shall go free, if master, or mis 



38 BI CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION OF 

in the highest degree creditable to the manliness, sense of jus- 
tice, intelligence and forecast of its members, this assembly first 
definitely divided the province into counties, provided for the 
yearly appointment of a sheriff and deputy-sheriff for each, 
erected courts for the trial of small causes in every town, and 
county courts in each of tiie counties, established a court of com- 
mon rights for the whole province, and started into operation 
the entire machinery of our civil and })olitical organization, so 
that it reached the humblest citizen, touched every ramification 
of society, and gave security to every man for the protection of 
his person, and the enjoyment of his lawful rights and property. 
When we contemplate the men of those days we are prone to 
judee them as if their light and environments were the same as 
our own. We forget that allowances are due them because of 
the times in which they lived and the inferior opportunities and 
advantages they enjoyed. Let it be remembered always in 
judging their acts and motives, that they lived in a land that 
was new and for the most part unexplored ; that society was rude 
and unformed ; that they were separated from each other by wide 
and roadless tracts, and as yet formed a mere thread of civiliza- 
tion between the coast and tlie unpenetrated and to them impene- 
trable hills, and swamps, and forests of the interior; that instead 
of the railroads and highways whose network now intersects the 
state at every point, rendering communication and intercourse 
easy, there were then but two highways traversing the state from 
east to west, and a few straggling and hastil}' improvised country 
roads connecting neighboring settlements; that the now mighty 
city of New York had then less than four thousand inhabitants,* 
while Philadelphia was yet to be built, having been founded 
less than a year before; that the poj)ulation of the province itself 
was less than seven thousand, of whom about five thousand were in 
East Jersey and two thousand in West Jersey ; and that the men 
of that day, few as the}' were in number, and poor in purse how- 
ever rich they might be in hope and lavish of toil, were co!i- 
fronted by physical difficulties and embarrassments which might 
well have discouraged ef!brt and have exhausted all their powers 
of mind and body; but, in spite of which they solidly laid the 
broad foundations of our social and civil fabric, and originated 
and put in operation a body of law, which with all its imper- 
fections, was dominated by keen intelligence, sound judgment, 
and a wise adaptedness to the needs, the temper, and the spirit of 
the times and society in which they lived. Nor were these 



trefls, or siKfut, initnoderately correct their HervaiitH, tliey sliall lie piinislied for tlie 

same by tlie next seHHions of" tlie county court All masters or niistresses 

liavinj^ negro niiiveH, sliall allow them siiflicient accommodation of viclLaln and 
clothing. 

*In 1604 tlie population of New York was about 1,500, in 1(573 about 2000, in 
1678 about oOOO, and in IGSli about 3,'JOO. 



NEW JERSEY LEGISLATURE. 39 

physical and social difficulties all that they had to encounter. If 
their means of inter-communication were few and rude, their 
means for moral and intellectual culture and intercourse were 
still fewer. There were few churches and no school houses. There 
was no post office and no newspaper. There was no printing 
press — the only one then in America being at Cambridge in 
Massachusetts, Bradford's press not having been set up in Phila- 
delphia till two years later. The publication of books and 
pamphlets in this country was not merely discouraged but was 
prohibited ; and even in England the publications were few and 
far between. The English Bible, the book which of all others 
lias exerted the profoundest and most beneficent influence upon 
mankind, and upon the people of the Anglo-Saxon race in 
especial, had been translated less than seventy-five years ; and as 
the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts 
was not yet founded, few copies had reached America, nor were 
they much more plentiful in England. John Milton's Paradise 
Lost was published in 1666, Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress in 1060, 
and Dryden and Sir Isa;ic Newton were at the zenith of their 
fame, but it is doubtful if there were a hundred copies of the 
works of all these illustrious men combined, in this countr}' in 
1683, and the great Elizabethan poets, with Shakespeare at their 
head, were yet more scarce. 

Nor is this all. Modern literature and modern science and art 
were unborn. All the great poets, philosophers, theologians, his- 
torians, wits, essayists and scholars who have illumined the 
world by their writings; all the great orators, sages, statesmen, 
heroes, and patriots, who have adorned it and inspired it by 
their example for two hundred years, were unborn, or as yet, 
undeveloped. Chemistry, medicine, all the physical sciences 
were in their infancy. Tiie powers and applications of coal and 
steam and electricity were undiscovered. And yet the men of 
the Assembly of 1683, with their few books, their simple learn- 
ing, their ignorance of the great practical sciences, their lack of 
all the tools and appliances of knowledge, which we are accus- 
tomed to deem indispensable, wrought well and worthily, and 
tlieir work lives after them, stamped indelibly upon our laws 
and institutions, and upon the social character of our people. 

And now, if we ask ourselves, how it was that such plain men, 
haviiig at their command means so inadequate, made so lasting 
an impression upon the State, and so indelibly stamped their 
characteristics upon its people, the answer is not far to seek ; 
and if we, of this generation, would have our works live after 
us as their works live after them, we shall lay it to heart. It 
was because the}' were earnest men, sharp in temper and with 
wills not easily shaken, but yet gifted with that most valuable 
and practical of all kinds of wisdom, sterling common sense. 
It was because, even where they most erred, they strove after a 



40 BI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION. 

lofty moral ideal. It was because they had strong convictions, 
and were true to them. It was because they were honest men, 
who dealt justly, if sharply, with one another. It was because 
they were clean-handed and clean-minded men, who hated 
lying, and fraud, and knavery, and all manner of iniquity with 
an invincible hatred, and were determined to stamp them out. 
It was because they were single-minded men, who did the work 
that came to their hands with all their might. And, above all, 
it was because they were men who feared God, and sought to 
build up a commonwealth which should beiramedin conformity 
with His laws, as they understood them. 

THE governor's RECEPTION. 

In the evening, from eight to eleven o'clock. Governor Ludlow 
held a reception in the Executive department at the State Capi- 
tol. The Senat'^rs, Assemblymen, State officers. Judiciary, and 
a large number of the citizens of the State and Trenton were 
present, and paid their respects to His Excellency. Prof. Peter- 
man n's orchestra was in attendance and furnished excellent 
music during the levee. 

The celebration was a very enjoyable and interesting one, and 
the manner in which it was carried out is highly creditable to 
the committee of arrangements. 



APPENDIX. 



The following "Notes" accompany Mr. Salter's address. They 
were preparedly that gentleman with considerable labor and 
trouble, and are published herewith as an appendix to his ad- 
dress : 

President Lincoln's Ancestry. 

The founder of the family was Samuel Lincoln, who came 
from Norwich, England, to Massachusetts; he had a son, Mor- 
decai 1st, of Hingham ; he in turn had sons, Mordecai 2d, born 
April 24, 1686 ; Abraham, born January 13, 1689 ; Isaac, born 
October 21, 1691, and a daughter, Sarah, born July 29, -l 694, as 
stated in Savage's Genealogical Dictionary. Mordecai 2d and 
Abraham moved to Monmouth county, N J-, where the hrst- 
named married a granddaughter of Captain John Bowne and 
his oldest son, born in Monmouth, was named John. About 
1720 the Lincolns moved to Eastern Pennsylvania, where Mor- 
decai's first wife died, and where he married again. He died at 
Amity, Pa., and his will, dated February 23d, 1735, and proven 
June 7th, 1736, mentions wife Mary, and children John ihomas, 
Hannah,Mary,Ann, Sarah, Mordecai (born 1730). and ' a pros- 
pective child." Tlie latter proved a boy, and was named Abra- 
liam, who subsequentlv married Ann Boone, a cousin ot Daniel 
Boone. John Lincoln, the eldest son, with some of his neigh- 
bors, moved to Rockingham county, Virginia; he had sons, 
Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Thomas and John. John 1st died at 
Harrisonburg, Va. His oldest son, Abraham who was grand- 
father of President Lincoln, married Mary Shipley, of North 
Carolina, and had children Mordecai, Josiah, Thomas, Mary and 
Nancv About 1780-2 he moved to Kentucky with his brother 
Thomas. In the spring of 1784 Abraham, while planting in a 
field, was killed by an Indian. His son Thomas (President Lin- 
coln's father), who was then about six years old, was witli the 
father in the field, and the Indian tried to capture him, but was 
shot and killed by Mordecai, the oldest brother of the boy. 
Thomas Lincoln had only one son, Abraham, who became Pres- 
ident of the United States. 



42 APPENDIX. 

Capt. John Bowne's Last Words. 

Judj^e George C. Beekman, of Freehold, states that the follow- 
ing is a copy of an old paper found among the private papers of 
an old Monmouth county family: 

"Some words of Advice and Council spoken by Capt. John 
Bowne to his children, as he lay on his death bed, January ve 
3rd 16S|. 

" There is no way in the world for a man to obtain felicity in 
this world or in the world to come, but to take heed to the ways 
of the Lord and to put his trust in Him, who deals faithfully 
and truly with all men; for he knocks at the doors of your 
hearts and calls you to come and buy, without money and with- 
out price. 

*' My desire is, that in all actions of Meum and Tuum, you 
deal not deceitfully, but plain hearted with all men, and remem- 
ber that your dying Father left it with you for your instruction, 
that when trust is with your honor to preserve it. And in all 
contracts and bargains that you make violate not your promise, 
and you will have praise. Let your Mother be your counsellor 
in all matters of difference, and go not to lawyers, but ask her 
counsel first. If at any time, any of you have an advantage of a 
poor man at law, O pursue it not, but rather forgive him if he 
hath done you wrong, and if you do so, you will have help of 
the law of God and of his people. Give not away to youthful 
jollities and sports, but improve your leisure time in the service 
of God. Let no good man be dealt churlishly by you but enter- 
tain when they come to your house. But if a vicious, wicked 
man come, give him meat and drink to refresh him and let him 
j)ass by your doors. It has been many times in my thoughts, 
that for a man to marry a wife and have children, and never 
take care to instruct them, but leave them worse than the beasts 
of the field, so that if a man ask concerning the things of God, 
they know not what it means, this is a very sad thing. But 
if we can season our hearts so as to desire the Lord to assist us 
he will help us and not fly from us." 

Capt. Bowne continued as Speaker of the House of Dejiuties 
until December, 1G83, and it is probable he was taken ill l)elore 
the close of the month. He must have died shortly after giving 
the above " words of advice," as May 27th of the same year 
(1G84) there was executed an article of agreement signed by 
Lydia Bowne, as his widow and executrix, by which the estate 
was divided between the widow, his sons .John and Obadiah 
Bowne, Gershom Mott, and daughters Deborah, Sarah, and 
Catharine. 



APPENDIX. 43 

PLACES WITH NEW JERSEY NAMES. 

The following are names of places in other States which may 
have been given by persons of New Jersey origin : 

Jersey Shore, Lycoming Co., Pa, 

Jersey Mills, Lycoming Co., Pa. 

Jerseytown, Columbia Co., Pa. 

Jerseyville, Jersey Co., 111. 

Jersey, Marion Co., Ind. 

Jersey, Oakland Co., Mich. 

Jersey, Licking Co., Ohio. 

There are postoffices named Monmouth in Virginia, Illinois, 
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine and Oregon. 

Postoffices named Trenton are in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, 
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michi- 
gan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, Ohio, Tennessee and Wisconsin. 

In thirteen States are postoffices named Newark. In about 
twenty States are Burlingtons, but some of these may be in com- 
pliment to the Vermont town of the same name. 

First Settlers of Monmouth County. 

The Monmoutli Patent was granted April 8th, 1665. Between 
that date and 1670, the persons named below had settled in the 
county, or aided in its settlement by paying for shares of land 
bought of the Indians. The place from whence each is known 
or supposed to have come is given as far as ascertained. Many 
of those from Rhode Island and Long Island can be traced back 
to Massachusetts. 

George Allen, Mass. George Chutte, R, I. 

John Allen, R. I. *Walter Clarke, R. L 

Christopher Allmey, R. I. Thomas Clifton, R. I. 

Job Allmey, R. I. *\Vm. Coddington, R I, 

Stephen Arnold, R. I. *Joshua Coggeshall, R. I. 

James Ashton, R. I. *John Coggesliall, R. I. 

John Bird. Edward Cole, R. I. 

Joseph Boyer. Jacob Cole. 

Benjamin Borden, R. I. Joseph Coleman. 

Richard Borden, R. I. John Cook, R. I. 

John Bowne, L. I. William Compton, L. I. 

Gexrard Bowne, L. I. John Conklin, L. I. 

*Francis Brindley, R. I. Thomas Cox, L. I. 

Nicholas Brown, R. I. John Cox, L. I. 

Abraham Brown, R. I. Edward Crome. 

*Henry Bull, R. I. *Nicholas Davis, R. I. 

*Robert Carr, R. I. Richard Davis, R. I. 

Wm. Cheeseman. William Deuell, R, I. 



44 



APPENDIX. 



Benjamin Deuell, R. I. 

Thomas Dungan, R. I. 

Roger Ellis and Son, R. I. 

Peter Easson (Easton), R. I. 

Daniel Estell. 

Gideon Freeborn, R. I. 

Annias Gauntt, R. I. 

*Zachary Gauntt, R. I. 

Israel Gauntt, R. I. 

Richard Gibbons, L. I. 

William Gilford, Mass. 

William Goulding, L. I. 

*Daniel Gould, R. I. 

Ralph Gouldsmith. 

James Grover, Sr., L. I. 

James Grover, Jr.. L. I. 

John Hall. 

John Hance, Wales (?) 

John Haundell. 

Thomas Hart. 

John Hav.es. 

John Havens, R I. 

Robert Hazard, R. I. 

James Heard. 

Richard Hartshorne, England. 

Tobias Haudson. 

Samuel Holliman(Holman),R.I. 

Obadiah Holmes, R. I. 

Jonathan Holmes, R. I. 

John Horabin. 

Joseph Iluit. 

Randall Huet, Sr. 

Randall Huet, Jr. 

George Hulett, R. I. 

Richard James, R. I. 

William James, R. I. 

*John Jenkins, Mass. 

Robert Jones, N. Y. 

John Jobs. 

Gabriel Kirk. 

Edmund Laletra. 

William Lawrence, L. I. 

William Lay ton, R. I. 

James Leonard, R. I. 

Henry Lippett, R. I. 

Richard Lip{)encott, L. I. 

Bariholomew Lij)})encott. L.I. 

Mark Lucur (Luker), R. I. 



Francis Masters. 

Lewis Mattux, R. I. 

Richard Moor. 

Thomas Moor, L. I. 

George Mount. 

William Newman. 

Anthony Page. 

Joseph Parker. 

Peter Parker. 

Henry Percy. 

Edward Pattison, R. I. 

Thomas Potter, R. L 

William Reape, R. I. 

Richard Richardson, R. I. 

John Ruckman, L. I. 

Richard Sadler. 

Barth. Shamgungue. 

William Shaberly, Barbadoes (?) 

Thomas Shaddock, R. I. 

Samuel Shaddock, R. I. 

William Shattock, R. I. 

William Shearman, R. I. 

John Slocum, R. I. 

*Nathaniel Sylvester, L. I. 

Richard Sissell. 

Edward Smith, R. L 

John Smith, R. I. 

Samuel Spicer, L. I. 

Robert Story. 

Richard Stout, L. I. 

John Stout, L. I. 

Edward Tartt. 

Robert Taylor, R. I. 

John Tomson. 

John Throckmorton, R. I. 

Job Throckmorton, R. I. 

* Ed ward Thurston, R. I. 

John Tilton, L. I. 

Peter Tilton. L. I. 

Nathaniel Tomkins. 

John Townseiid, L. I. 

John Wall, L. I. 

Walter Wall, L. I. 

Thomas Wansick. 

Marmaduke Ward. 

Eliakim Wardel, R. L 

George Webb. 

*Edward VVluirton, Mass. 



APPENDIX. 45 

Robert West, Sr., R. I. Thomas Winterton. 

Robert West, Jr , R. I, John Wood. 

Bartholomew West, R, I. Emanuel Woolley, R. I. 

Tiiomas Whitlock, L. I. Thomas Wright. 
John Wilson. 



Notices of Members of the General Assembly, 

1683. 



Thomas Rudyard, Deputy Governor. — The twenty-four pro- 
prietors selected Robert Barclay, the celebrated Quaker writer, 
as Govornor of the Province of East Jersey, with permission to 
remain in England. Governor Barclay appointed as his Deputy 
Thomas Rudyard, September 16th, 1682. His commission as 
Secretary and Register is given in New Jersey Archives vol. 1, 
p. 376. References to his commission as Deputy are made in 
Learning and Spicer, p. 166, and in New Jersey Analytical 
Index, p. 9. Rudyard arrived here from England, November 
13th, 1682. He took his oaths as Secretary and Register Decem- 
ber 1st, 1682, and on the 10th of tiie same month he appointed 
his Council, as named in the Minutes of the Governor and 
Council 1682, before whom he was sworn into office as Deputy 
Governor December 20tb. 

Thomas Rudyard was originally from the town of Rudyard, 
in Staffordshire, but at the time of his appointment was a resi- 
dent of London. His legal attainments were thought to be of a 
high order, and it was probably from his connection with the 
trial of William Penn and William Mead, in 1670, for acting 
contrary to the provisions of the Conventicle Act, that made 
him acquainted with the East Jersey project. He took an active 
interest in promoting the views of the twenty-four proprietors, 
and his house in George Yard, Lombard street, became the 
depository of their papers, maps, &c., for the information of 
inquirers. 

*Tlie persons thus marked did not settle in the county, but paid for shares of land 
which they may have transferred to others. Henry Bull, William Coddington, 
Walter Clarke and .John Coggeshall were governors of Rhode Island ; Francis 
Brindley was a governor's assistant, judge, &c.; Joshua Coggeshall was governor's 
assistant, &c ; Edward Thurston, a deputy— all of Rhode Island. Nicholas Davis, 
the patentee, was drowned about 1672. Robert Carr sold his share to Giles Slocum, 
of Newport, for his son John Slocum, who settled on it. Zachary Gauntt, of New- 
port, sold his share to his brother Annias. 



46 APPENDIX. 

The trial of William Penn and William Mead, with which 
Rndyard was connected, took place at Old Bailey, September 1st, 
1670. Thev and others, to the number of 800, on the 14th of 
August preceding, " unlawfully and tumultuously did assemble 
and congregate themselves together to the disturbance of the 
peace." The Quakers being kept out of their meeting houses, 
went in the streets before them, and William Penn and others 
"did take upon themselves to speak " to them. Rudyard him- 
self, in the June preceding, had been subjected to several indict- 
ments in the same Court, prompted by his skilful defence of 
clients suffering from arbitrary proceedings of the authorities, 
and on one occasion his house was broken open in the dead of 
night and he apprehended "as a person suspected and dis- 
afJected to the peace of the kingdom." (Wiiitel)ead's East Jer- 
sey, pp. 164-5; New Jersey Archives, vol. 1, p. 376) 

Rudyard did not long retain his position as Deputy Governor. 
Gawen Lawrie, was appointed his successor by commission 
dated London, July, 1683, but he did not arrive in the province 
until the beginning of the following year, his commission being 
read in Council February 28th, 1684, as stated in the Minutes of 
the Council (page 100.) Rudyard retained the office of Secre- 
tary and Register until the close of 1685, when he left the 
province and went to Barbadoes. 

In Rudyard's letter of May 3rd, 1683, he describes the people 
of New Jersey thus: "They are generally a sober, ])rofessing 
people, wise in their generation, courteous in their behaviour, 
and respectful to us in office among them." 

William Pknn was one of the twelve purchasers of East Jer- 
sey' at the sale in 1(582, the particulars of which were given in 
the able address of Hon A. Q. Keasbey, entitled "The Bi-Cen- 
tennial of the Purchase of East Jersey by the Proprietors." de- 
livered before the New Jersey Historical Society, January 19th, 
1882. Mr. Keasbey said : 

"On the first of February, 1682, the deed was made and de- 
livered, and twelve land speculators, headed by William Penn, 
became the sole owners in fee of all this fair domain, and from 
them must be traced the title to every lot and parcel of land 
which changes owners in East Jersey. And the direct successors 
of Penn and his eleven associates — still an organizerl body, with 
active managing olficers — own every acre of land which they 
have not sold, and every purchaser who wants to buy can now 
make his bargain with them, as purchasers did two hundred 
years iigo." 

During the course of the j'ear (1682) the twelve owners of the 
tract forming East Jersey conveyed one-half their interest to 
twelve others, to hold with them as tenants in common, and thus 
was formed the body of Twenty-Four Proprietors. William Penn 
came to America the same year, and landed at New Castle, Del- 



APPENDIX. 47 

aware, October 27th. In November he went to New York, "to 
pay his duty to the Duke of York by visiting his province." He 
returned from this duty toward the end of the same month. 
Deputy Governor Rudyard,in a letter dated May 3d, 1683, says : 
" William Penn took a view of the land this last month when 
here, and said he had never seen such before in his life." In 
the Minutes of the Governor and Council, March, 1683, he is 
named as being present in the Council from the first to the sixth 
of the month, inclusive. 

Samuel Groome came to East Jersey in November, 1682, ac- 
companying Deputy Governor Rudyard, as Surveyor and Re- 
ceiver General. He is styled "mariner of Stepney," and is first 
mentioned, in connection with America, as being in command 
of a vessel of his own, that was in some port in Maryland, 1676. 
His touching at West Jersey on his way back to England, was 
probably the cause of his becoming connected with the East 
Jerse}' Proprietors. His letters preserved in " Scots Model," in- 
dicate that he was much pleased with the province. He died in 
1683, leaving in the stocks at Perth Amboy, unfinished, the first 
vessel known to have been built in Eas't Jersey. His proprietary 
right was transferred to William Dockwra in July of the same 
year. (N. J. Archieves, Vol. 1, p. 527.) 

Col. Lewis Morris was originally from Monmouthshire, Eng- 
land, and there inherited the paternal estate of Tintern. He 
raised a troop of horse for parliament, for which Charles the 
First confiscated his estate. In return for his losses Cromwell 
subsequently indemnified him. He early embraced Cromwell's 
cause, and having signalized himself on several occasions so as 
to win Cromwell's regard, he was selected in 1654 to proceed to 
the West Indies with an expedition intended to secure the 
mastery of these seas. While there he received a Colonel's com- 
mission, and was second in command upon the attack on Ja- 
maica. Having a nephew settled at Barbadoes, he was induced 
to purchase an estate on that island. And not deeming it ad- 
visable to return to England after the restoration, he subse- 
quently became part owner of the Island of St. Lucia, and took 
up his abode permanently in the West Indies, remaining there 
until the death of his brother Richard in New York, when he 
came on about 1673. (Boltons History West Chester Co. N. Y.) 

Mr. Whitehead in his history of East Jersey says that Ct)l. 
Morris had granted to him Oct. 25th, 1676, 3,540 acres of land in 
old Shrewsbury township, to which he gave the name of Tintern, 
afterwards corrupted to Tinton, after his paternal estate in Mon- 
mouthshire, England. In 1680 it is said he had here " iron 
mills, his manor, and divers other buildings for his servants and 
dependants. " 

Col. Morris is named as being present in the council until 
Aug. 16, 1683. In February of the following year the minutes 



48 APPENDIX. 

state that Col. Lewis Morris "being mostly absent and living in 
New York," and Capt. Palmer and Laurens Andriessen not able 
to attend, others were selected in their places. 

Monmouth county owes its name to Col. Lewis Morris. It 
was given in an act passed March 13th, 1683, at which time three 
other counties, Essex, Bergen and Middlesex, were established. 

Capt. John Palmer lived on Staten Island. When Governor 
Andros left New York, in 1680, to meet the Assembly of New 
Jersey, his wife. Lady Andros, with nine or ten gentlewomen, 
acconipanied him, and at Capt. Palmer's they stayed all night; 
from this it would seem that his dwelling must have been of con- 
siderable pretensions for that day. He was a])pointed by Dei)uty 
Governor Rudyard as a member of his Council in December, 

1682. When Deputy Governor Gawen Lawrie arrived to suc- 
ceed Rudyard, he presented his commission before the Council 
February 28th, 1684; there were then only three members pre- 
sent, viz., Majors Sandford,and Berry and Benjamin Price. The 
new Deputy Governor stated that "Captain Palmer of the late 
Council, by reason of his public employ in the Province of New 
York, desired a discharge from the service of the Board." And 
as Col. Morris and Laurens Andriessen also did not attend, he 
named others in their place. (Minutes Council, pages 100-1.) 

Captain William Sandford came from the West Indies, July 
4th, 1668; he was granted all the meadows and upland lying 
south of a line drawn from the Hackensack to the Passaic, seven 
miles north of their intersection, comprising 5,308 acres of up- 
land, and 10,000 acres of meadow, for £20 per annum ; and on 
the twentieth of the same month he purchased the Indian title 
for the same. He was appointed by Governor Piiilip Carteret as 
one of his Council, 1675; also by Deputy Governor Rudyard to 
the same po.sition, 1682, and by Deputy Governor Lawrie in 

1683, and until 1686. He was commissioned as Major of the 
militia for Essex County, December, 1683. His plantation was 
considered within the jurisdiction of Newark. He died 161)2. 

Captain John Berry in June 16(59, witii associates, received a 
grant of land adjoining Captain Sandford's extending north 
" six miles into the country ;" lie had also a grant for land on the 
Hudson, north of Hoboken. Wlien Carteret left for I^iighind in 
1672, Capt. Berry, was appointed by him as Deputy Governor in 
his absence and continued as such during the brief rule of the 
Dutch, and the following year. He was commissioned as Major 
of the militia, December 1683, for the county of Bergen. He con- 
tinued to be one of the Cou cil under different administrations 
until 1()'.)2, when it is presumed he died. He is supposed to 
have come originally from Connecticut. 

LouRENS Andriessen, whose name in the minutes of the 
Council is given as Lawrence Anderson, and in New Jersey 
Archives as Andries, Anders, Andrus, &c., was a native of Hoi- 



APPENDIX. 49 

• 

stein in Denmark, and came to tliis country in the summer of 
1655. His name first appears in tiie records of New Amsterdam, 
(New York,) June 29th, 1656, in a deed for a lot on Broad street. 
Shortly after the settlement of Bergen he purchased a tract of 
land in what is now Greenville. He was a man of more than 
ordinary ability for his times, and soon acquired great influence 
with his neighbors. He was a member of the Council for several 
years, being first appointed March 1672; in that year he signed 
his name as one of the Council, and it will be seen by the fac 
simile in Whitehead's East Jersey, page 299, 2d edition, that he 
gave it as Andress. He sometimes added after his name "Van 
Boskerck," and his descendants assumed the name of Van Bus- 
kirk, and are now numerous in Hudson county. He helcl various 
public positions and died in 1694. A sketch of this famil}' is 
given in Winfield's History of Hudson county. 

Benjamin Price was one of the first associates of Elizabeth- 
town, to which place became from East Hampton, Long Island. 
He was much respected and held various public positions, such 
as justice, deput}^ member of Council, &c. He lived to an ad- 
vanced age, dying between 1705 and 1712. His name is fre- 
quently mentioned in ancient records of Elizabethtown, as may 
be seen by reference to Hatfield's history of that place. 

Captain John Bowne came to Middletown, N. J., from Graves- 
end, L. I. He was one of the twelve men named in the noted 
Monmouth Patent of 1665. He was one of the original settlers 
of Middletown, and one of the founders of the Baptist church 
there — the oldest of that society in the State. Until his death 
in the early part of 1684, he seems to have been the most prom- 
inent citizen of the county, esteemed for his integrity and ability. 
He appeared as a deputy to the first assembly in Carteret's time, 
which met May 26th, 1668, the members of the lower house then 
being cklled "burgesses." He was deputy again 1675, after 
Phillip Carteret's return from England; and in the first legisla- 
ture under the Twenty-four Proprietors, 1683, he was a member 
and Speaker, and acted until the December following. He held 
other positions of trust. March 12, 1677, a commission was is- 
sued to him as President of the Court to hold a court at Middle- 
town. In December, 1683, shortly before his last illness, he was 
appointed Major of the militia of Monmouth county. He died 
in the early part of 1684. 

Richard Hartshorne was a Quaker of good reputation and 
benevolent dispo.sition, who was said to be " brother to Hugh 
Hartshorne, the upholsterer in London," by George Fox, in his 
journal, 1672. He came to this country in September, 1669, and 
located at the Highlands, where descendants have since lived. 
In an affidavit made by him in 1716 he says he was 75 years of 
age, by which it would appear he was born about 1641, and 
about 28 years old when he came here. He was named for High 



50 APPENDIX. 

• 

Sheriff of Monmoutli county in 1G83, but declined the office. He 
held various positions of trust in the county; was deputy sev- 
eral years, and Speaker 1686, a member of the Council 1684- 
98-9, etc. In the Minutes of the General Assembly, pages 122- 
3, it is stated that Gov. Dongan, of New York, issued a writ ad- 
dressed to the authorities of New Jersey ordering the arrest of 
Richard Hartshorne, then Speaker, and that he be taken to New 
York for trial, which the Council refused to execute. What was 
the offence charged against Hartshorne is not stated. 

Joseph Parker was an original settler and associate patentee 
of Monmouth. He filled various positions of trust; was Justice 
or Judge of the Court 1676-9, commissioner to lay out high- 
ways, deputy, etc., and died about 1685. In the Minutes of 
1683, pages 62-4, is a statement of matters of difference between 
the proprietors and council on one hand, and Joseph Parker, 
John Bowne and Richard Hartshorne on the other, relating to 
the disputes between the first settlers of Monmouth, who claimed 
their titles under the Patent granted by Col. Nichols, 1665, and 
akso by purchase of the Indians. The settlers had held their 
land by what they considered valid titles, had built houses, 
mills, established farms, etc . and they made determined resist- 
ance to what they considered the unreasonable demands and 
aggressions of the proprietors and their agents, and their opposi- 
tion continued until it occasionally broke out in forcible resist- 
ance to the proprietors' government. 

In 1701 the people of Monmouth seized the Governor and 
Justices, Attorney General and Clerk of the Court, and kept 
them prisoners from March 25th to March 29th. The j^eople 
concerned in this affair were of the most honest, respected class 
in the county; the}'^ considered their rights trampled ui)on by 
the proprietors and would not yield them without an earnest 
contest. These disputes between the first settlers and the pro- 
prietors, was one cause of so many persons leaving New Jersey 
end settling in Pennsylvania and elsewhere. In fa6t the ques- 
tion of the legal rights and claims of the proprietors, after a 
lapse of two hundred years, yet remains unsettled in some par- 
ticulars, as suits are now in courts in this State contesting some 
of their claim.s. 

John Hance was one of the original settlers of Shrewsbury. 
He is named as a deputy and overseer at a court held at Port- 
land Point, December 28, 1669. He held various positions in 
the county, among which was justice and that of " schej)en," to 
which he was apj)ointed by the Dutch, during their brief rule, 
in 1673. It is said that he c<ime from Wales. He was a deputy' 
to the Assembly in 1668, but refused to take or subscribe the 
oath of allegiance, but with provisoes, and would not yield the 
claims of his peoj)le, under the Monmouth Patent, and submit to 
the laws and government of the Proprietors, when directed 



APPENDIX. 51 

against those claims; in consequence of which he was rejected 
as a member, as were also Jonathan Holmes, Edward Tart and 
Thomas Winterton, at the same session, for the same reasons. 
Hance was re-elected a deputy 1680, and at other times. 

John Gillman is named as an associate patentee at Piscata- 
qua, in 1668, when he took up 300 acres of land. He probably 
came from Piscataqua, New Hampshire. He was a deputy to 
the Assembly, in 1675, 1680 and in 1683; was appointed a com- 
missioner of highways by the legislature the last-named year, 
and also an assessor for Middlesex, and a justice or judge of the 
court for small causes. 

Edward Slater was an early settler at Piscataqua, being 
named in Whitehead's History of Amboy among those who took 
up land previous to 1690, he having taken up 464 acres The 
name is frequently given as Slaughter. In the returns of elec- 
tion of deputies for Piscataqua, 1680, given in New Jersey Ar- 
chives, vol, 1, page 307, he is called Edward Slaughter, and this 
name is given in Howe's Collections and other works. He was 
town clerk of Piscataqua 1684-7, 1692-7 ; was appointed a 
commissioner to lay out highways in 1683, and also an assessor 
and a justice of the peace and judge of the court of sessions the 
same year. 

Henry Lyon is named among the first settlers of Newark^ 
1666-7 ; in 1668 he was appointed to keep an inn or tavern for 
the entertainment of strangers and travelers, and instructed "to 
prepare it as soon as possible." He seems to have soon moved 
to Elizabethtown and was a Deputy from there, 1675, 1680-83. 
He was appointed by Deputy Governor Gawen Lawrie, as a 
member of the Council, February, 1684, and continued in that 
position 1685-6. He was appointed " Treasurer of the coun- 
try " or province 1683. 

Benjamin Parkhurst, was an early and influential citizen of 
Elizabethtown, frequently mentioned in the ancient records of 
that place as will be seen by reference to Hatfield's History of 
Elizabethtown. His name is frequently given as " Parkis." He 
was appointed a Surveyor of the Highways in 1683 by the Leg- 
islature of which he was a member, also as an Assessor for Essex 
and a Justice or Judge of the Court of Sessions. 

Samuel Moore came to Woodbridge probably from Massa- 
chusetts and received a patent for three hundred and fifty-six 
acres about 1670. For about twenty years — from 1668 to 1688, 
he held the position of Town Clerk ; was a member of the Town- 
ship Court, 1671; Lieutenant of the Militia, 1675; High Sheriff 
of Middlesex 1683, and Deputy to the Assembly, 1668-71, 83-8, 
and died about the last named year, 1688. " On the 9th of De- 
cember 1675, he was appointed the ' Country's Treasurer for the 
Province for the year ensuing,' and again appointed Treasurer 
of the Province of East Jersey in 1678." 



52 APPENDIX. 

Samuel Dennis came to Woodbridge, probably from Yar- 
mouth, Massachusetts, and received a patent for ninety-four acres, 
1670, or previously. He was a member of the Township Court, 
1074 and 1693; town Clerk, 1692-3 and 1695 and 1707; was 
Deputy to Assembly 1675-9 and S3 ; was appointed by Deputy 
Governor Gawen Lawrie, as a member of the Council 1684, and 
continued in that position most of the time until 1703 ; was also 
an Assessor, Justice of the Court of Sessions, &c. 

John Curtis is named among the original settlers of Newark 
in the records of that town ; was treasurer of the town 1689 ; was 
member of the Assembly 1683-8, commissioner to lay out high- 
ways, and assessor for Essex county 1683-8; justice of the court, 
etc. 

Thomas Johnson came to Newark about 1666 ; it is supposed 
he came from Milford, Connecticut. He was a deputy 1675-80, 
in Carteret's time, and 1683; a commissioner to lay out high- 
ways, assessor, justice of the court, etc. 

Mathewis or Mathias Cornelis, of Bergen, was a deputy 
1683, and assessor the same year, He appears to have been less 
in public life than the other members of the Assembly. If he 
is the same Matheus Cornelison named in New Jersey Archives, 
Vol. 2, p. 327, it is probable that he is less frequently mentioned 
because of his not being acquainted with the English language. 
As a signer to a petition in 1700, his assent is thus given ; " dit 
ist mark van matheus Cornelison." 

Eli as Mickellson or Michielsen, was probably a son of 
Michiel Jansen, the common ancestor of the Vreeland family in 
this country. Jansen came from Broeckhuysen, and left Holland 
October 1, 1(536, with his wife and two children. He first settled 
at Greenbush o|)posite Albany; became a resident of New Am- 
sterdam 1644; in 1646 they removed to Communipaw, N. J. His 
sons Elias and Enoch became prominent in public aflairs ; Elias 
was deputy to the Assembly 1675-83-88-95, and at subsequent 
sessions. In accordance with the Dutch custom at that time, 
their last name was derived from their fathers first name — 
Michielsen, meaning Michiels son. To this was added as a sur- 
name Vreeland by which descendants are now known. An ac- 
count of this family is given in Winfield's History of Hudson 
county, and notices of descendants in N. Y., Genealogical anil 
Biographical Record, January, 1878. 



(Note. In the foregoing notices of members of the General Assembly of 1683, 
the aiithoritioH from which items are derived are not given in all cases, as it would 
have nt'cessiiatcd fre()in.'nl repetition. They are chicily from \Vm. A. Wliitchead's 
HJHtories of Ivist .Jersey :ind I'ertii .\ml)oy, Learning and Spicer's ({rants and Con- 
cessions, Minutes of (joviTnor and ( "oiincil, lt)S2-1703, New .Jersey Arcliives, vols. 
1 and '2, .Janney's Life of William Penn, JIatlield's History of l']lizal)othtown, Win- 
field's History of Hudson (.'ounty, and Newark Records.) 



MEMBERS OF THE 
One Hundred and Seventh Legislature 

OF THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY. 

1883. 



SENATORS. 
County. Name. 

Atlantic John J. Gardner. 

Bergen Isaac Wortendy ke. 

Burlington Hezekiah B. Smitli. 

Camden Albert Merritt. 

Cape May Waters B. Miller. 

Cumberland Isaac T. Nichols. 

Essex William Stainsby . 

Gloucester Thomas M. Ferrell. 

Hudson Elijah T. Paxton. 

Hunterdon John Carpenter, Jr. 

Mercer * .John Taylor 

Middlesex. Abraham V. Schenck. 

Monmouth John S. Applegate. 

Morris James C. Youngblood. 

Ocean Abraham C. B. Havens. 

Passaic John W. Griggs. 

Salem George Hires. 

Somerset Eugene S Doughty. 

Sussex Lewis Cochran. 

Union Benjamin A. Vail. 

Warren George H. Beatty. 



54 APPENDIX. 

ASSEMBLYMEN. 
County. Name. 

Atlantic John L. Bryant. 

Bergen Peter R. \Vort?ndyke. 

" John Van Bussum. 

Burlington Theodore Budd. 

Stacy H. Scott. 

" Horace Cronk. 

Camden George W. Borton. 

" John Bamford. 

Clayton Stafford. 

Cape May Jesse D. Ludlam. 

Cumberland Isaac M. Smalley. 

John B. Campbell. 

Essex John H. Parsons. 

" John Gill. 

" Lucius B. Hutchinson. 

" David Young. 

" James N. Arbuckle. 

" John H. Murphy. 

•' Thomas O'Connor. 

" William Hill. 

" John L. Armitage. 

" William Harrigan. 

Gloucester Job S. Haines. 

Hudson Peter F. Wanser. 

" Joseph T.Kelly. 

" Thomas V. Cator. 

" Edwin O. Chapman. 

" Frank Cole. 

" James C. Clarke. 

" Dennis McLaughlin. 

" John M. Shannon. 

" Martin Steljes. 

" Augustus A. Rich. 

Hunterdon John V. Robbins. 

W. Howard Lake. 

Mercer Nelson M. Lewis. 

" Joseph H. Applegate. 

" William J. Convery. 



APPENDIX. 55 



County. Name. 

Middlesex Manning Freeman. 

" William R. Jernee. 

" James H. Goodwin. 

Monmouth Peter Forman. 

Thomas G. Chattle. 

Alfred B. Stoney. 

Morris George W. Jenkins. 

" Amzi F. Weaver. 

" James H. Neighbour. 

Ocean George T. Cranraer. 

Passaic Clark W. Mills. 

" Patrick Henry Shields. 

" William F Gaston. 

" Thomas Flynn. 

Salem Henry Coorqbs. 

Somerset Cornelius S. Hoffman. 

Sussex William E. Ross. 

Union Edward J. Byrnes. 

" AsaT. Woodruff. 

" Frank L.Sheldon. 

Warren Stephen C. Larison. 

*' Isaac Wildrick. 



BAp'OS 



